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Book T'^S' 

Gopyiight W.. 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



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Copyright by Underwood & riidorwiMid, N. Y. 



•'HE IS NOT ALWAYS SMILING" 
The President in his office at the White House. 



EOOSEYELT 
AMONG THE PEOPLE 



Being an Account of the Fourteen Thousand 
Mile Journey from Ocean to Ocean of 

THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

Twenty-Sixth President of the United States. 

Together with the Public Speeches Made by 
Him During the Journey 



By ADDISON C. THOMAS 



THE L. W. WALTER COMPANY 
CHICAGO 



Copyright 1910 

BY 

ADDISON C. THOMAS 



((\ n A •.• r,' S> I KQ 



w ; 'J 



DEDICATED TO 

THEODORE ROOSEVELT 



Nine copies of this book have been prepared 
for private circulation. The first copy will be 
presented to the President, as a memento of his 
remarkable journey. 

This copy is No. 9. 



WHITE HOUSE 

WAS M I NOTON 



Personal 



October 22». 1904* 

My dear Mr» Thonas: 

I thanJt you heartily for sending me the first copy 
of thp collection of ny speeches of the trip of 1903' 

With much appreciation of your courtesy, and with re- 
gard* 1 am. 

Sincerely yours* 



Mr* Addison C« Thomas* 
Chicago* 



CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Preface 1 1 

Author's Preface 13 

Publisher's Preface 15 

Washington to Chicago 21 

Chicago to Milwaukee 56 

Minneapolis to Sioux Falls 107 

Sioux Falls to Fargo 127 

Fargo to St. Louis 145 

St. Louis to San Francisco 191 

San Francisco to Washington 2^,7 



THE PREFACE 



In the fall of 1902, President Roosevelt de- 
cided to make a tour of the country, and, during 
the trip, to deliver a number of political 
speeches. He started from Washington July 3, 
stopping at Oyster Bay, his summer home, for a 
time. Resuming his journey, he met with an 
accident at Pittsfield, Mass., September 3, an 
electric car running into his carriage and throw- 
ing him to the ground. He sustained apparently 
simple bruises and the trip was continued, but 
at Indianapolis it was found that one of his legs 
was in such a condition, due to an injury inci- 
dent to the accident, that, by the advice of the 
attending physician, the President returned to 
Washington. 

Subsequently he announced that, at the earli- 
est opportunity, probably in the following 



11 



PREFACE 



spring, he would carry out his original plan. 
He did so, and left Washington April i, 1903. 

His traversing the Republic from the At- 
lantic to the Pacific and return, in indirect lines, 
visiting many states and addressing tens of thou- 
sands of people upon the important topics of the 
day, suggested this compilation of the more im- 
portant incidents of the journey, together v^rith 
the speeches of the President. 



12 



AUTHOR'S PREFACE 



Not since the time of Napoleon has there been 
a man of affairs on the world's stage who has at- 
tracted the attention of all nations and classes of 
people as does Col. Theodore Roosevelt. He is 
picturesque, aggressive, courageous and honest. 
The stirring events of the past few weeks, in his 
triumphal march through Europe on his mission 
of peace has called renewed attention to these 
same triumpha4 marches in the United States, 
when he went among the people to learn their 
views and expound his doctrine, while President 
of the United States. 

The most notable of these journeys was in the 
spring of 1903, when he went from the Atlantic 
to the Pacific and through the south and south- 
west, being received everywhere by the acclaim 
of the multitude, regardless of political affilia- 

13 



AUTHOR'S PREFACE 



tion. The journey, and the speeches which he 
delivered make a most interesting and thrilling 
chapter in the history of our country. 

No citizen of the Republic can be well in- 
formed on public affairs who is not intimately 
acquainted with the events of this historic trip. 

The pages of this book have been carefully 
compiled, so as to cover in a most striking, yet 
accurate manner, every event of Col. Roosevelt's 
journey, and so well has this been done that the 
result has received his personal indorsement. 

Addison C. Thomas. 



14 



PUBLISHER'S PREFACE 



The publishers, in placing before the people of 
this country and foreign lands, feel justified in 
saying that they take personal pride in this book. 
They feel, that in many respects it is a remark- 
able production, as it not only gives to the present 
generation the work of an illustrious citizen of 
the United States, but that they are preserving for 
the future generations the thoughts as expressed 
in words of a man whose deeds and vigorous work 
make an example worthy to be followed by the 
youth of this country and the world over. The 
preservation of the records of this man's travels 
and his public utterances on all the great ques- 
tions of the day, national and international, is an 
opportunity seldom had by a publisher, especially 
as the work has not only received the personal 
sanction of the President of the United States but 
bears his autograph and contains his letter of 
thanks and appreciation to the author. It may 



15 



PUBLISHER'S PREFACE 

be truthfully said that one of the striking features 
of the book was its conception and the purpose of 
the author in the compilation of the work. It 
was the author's admiration for the man's ster- 
ling Americanism and the great work that he felt 
was the President's policies, and the steadfast 
belief that he was carving out a destiny for him- 
self and the people, that prompted the author to 
preserve in book form the record of Roosevelt 
as he mingled with the people from ocean to 
ocean in the most remarkable journey ever made 
by man. The nine copies of the book were made 
for the author's son and some of his personal 
friends and for presentation to the President with 
his compliments. Personal gain or financial con- 
siderations had no place whatever in the concep- 
tion and completion of the little de luxe edition 
of nine copies, the sole inspiration being for the 
entertainment and education and broadening out 
of the youth and the making and preservation to 
history of a work to contain facts in an absolutely 
truthful narrative. And in the publisher's 

16 



PUBLISHER'S PREFACE 

twenty-five years experience he has never printed 
a book that in such a striking way illustrates the 
promulgation of facts and a correct version of 
events that go to make up our National history. 
The book is for the boy, the man, the historian, 
the statesman and the politician (in the true 
sense) the family, the private and public libraries 
and is to be preserved and perpetuated forever. 
As presented it is an exact reproduction of the 
text of the de luxe edition of nine copies, each one 
being signed by the President. The engravings 
are made from photographs taken during the 
journey by an artist assigned by his people to this 
special work and who accompanied the Presi- 
dential party on his transcontinental journey 
from its beginning to its end. It was the author's 
aim not only to present a correct account of the 
journey but to portray by pictures as well, all of 
the events of special interest. 

The publishers now presents with pride the 
book, "Roosevelt Among the People." 

The Publishers. 

17 




Copyright by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y. 

PRESIDENT AND MRS. ROOSEVELT 
Kermit. Archie. Ethel, Quentin and Theodore, Jr. 




('(ipvriglit l)y I^ndfrw 1 & fmlcrwood. N. Y. 

STARTING ON HIS FOURTEEN THOUSAND MILE TRIP 
Surrounded by Railroad Officials at Horse hoe Curve, Pa. 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

CHAPTER L 
WASHINGTON TO CHICAGO. 

President Roosevelt left Washington at 9 :o5 
a. m., April i, for a trip across the continent and 
return, 14,000 miles. He traveled in a special 
train furnished by the Pennsylvania Railroad 
Company — one of the finest trains ever run out 
of Washington. It consisted of six cars — the 
private car Elysian for the use of the President 
— and was especially decorated and equipped 
for the trip, which occupied from April i to 
June 5 — nine weeks and three days. 

The first stop was made at Harrisburg, Pa., 
where the President was greeted by a large 
crowd including the members of the Pennsyl- 
vania legislature. In a short speech he referred 
to the prosperity of the State and the country, 
saying it was due more to the individual skill 

of labor and capital than to any of his efforts. He 

21 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

left Washington, he said, with a light heart over 
the magnificent work performed by the Anthra- 
cite Coal Strike Commission, whose report 
would have great power for good. 

At Altoona the President left his car and got 
into the engine cab and remained there, to view 
the scenery around the famous Horseshoe Curve, 
until the train stopped on the crest of the moun- 
tains. 

Chicago was reached at 8:45 a. m., April 2. 
The President was received at the Union Depot 
by Mayor Harrison and a special committee. 
The train left almost immediately for Evanston, 
one of the suburbs, where the President was met 
by Mayor Patten and a committee and was es- 
corted by a detachment of cavalry from Fort 
Sheridan and a military band to the Northwest- 
ern University, the President passing through a 
lane of school children on the streets and of 
capped and gowned students on the campus. 

The welcoming address was made by Dr. Ed- 
mund J. James, of the University, who said 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

President Roosevelt was the first President to 
face resolutely and fully the problems of a new 
generation and a new age. He asked God to 
grant him wisdom and strength to inaugurate 
this new era^ and, as unparalleled opportun- 
ities had come to him, so might unparalleled 
success attend him. He thanked the President, 
not only in the name of Northwestern, but of 
all other colleges and all other universities for 
the grand illustration which the President had 
given of the fact that college life and college 
opportunity, properly lived and properly util- 
ized, are a most valuable element in the prep- 
aration for the manifold activities of the great 
world outside. 

The President, in addressing the students, re- 
ferred to the value of college education. ^'The 
better your training," he said, "the better work 
you can do. We have no room for the idler — 
the man who wishes to live a comfortable life, 
and if a man has not the right spirit in him, if 
he goes from this or any other university feeling 

23 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



that that fact puts him in a special class, he will 
fail. But if he feels that he has received special 
advantage to succeed in this life, and proceed 
vigorously with that special advantage in re- 
serve, he will succeed." He spoke of athletic 
sports, stamped his approval upon them, and 
dwelt upon their value in success. Intellectual 
supremacy, he said, was good; physical prowess 
desirable, but better than all, and without which 
none could succeed, was an upright character. 

Returning to Chicago, on arriving at the 
Union station, carriages were taken to the Audi- 
torium Hotel, the drive being through streets 
crowded with cheering people. 

After luncheon the President went to the Uni- 
versity of Chicago, being met by Dr. William R. 
Harper and the faculty and trustees, attired in 
cap and gown, and, at Kent theater, in the pres- 
ence of the faculty and students, the honorary 
degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon 
him. 

Dr. Harper said: 

24 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

"Universities in all lands have judged it to 
be reasonable and right that those men who, sur- 
passing others in native genius and devoted toil, 
have carried great undertakings in letters and 
science to a successful issue, or in administration 
of affairs have rendered memorable service to the 
commonwealth, should receive the meed of hon- 
ors and distinction that they themselves may have 
the praise which is their due, and the minds of 
others may be roused to emulate their virtues 
and to win like fame. Once before in this same 
room, we sat in similar assembly — a meeting 
long to be remembered. At that time there sat 
with us as the guest of honor, one who at a time 
of gravest crisis, when the weal, not only of the 
Republic, but of foreign states, was put in direst 
peril, and the path of wisdom lay dark before 
the people, served each highest interest, and by 
his wisdom and foresight, out of confusion 
brought a happy ending. Let us at this time, in 
affection and gratitude, call again to mind that 
simple, kindly and sagacious man who, in God's 

25 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

providence, was cut off in the midst of his days 
and in the fullness of his power, William Mc- 
Kinley." 

Dean Harry Prat Judson delivered the address 
on behalf of the University, his subject being 
"Leadership in a Democracy." At the close of 
his address, Dean Judson formally presented 
the President for the degree of LL. D. 

Dr. Harper, addressing the President, said: 
"Theodore Roosevelt, scholar, soldier, states- 
man, chief magistrate of the Republic : For ef- 
fective service in the advancement of the higher 
life of the Nation; for intelligence, integrity and 
courage in the administration of public affairs; 
for tireless devotion to the public honor in the 
settlement of grave questions of social order and 
the conservation of the vital interests of sister 
republics ; and especially for the dignity, fidelity 
and unselfish devotion to the public good with 
which exalted duties, assumed at the summons 
of an appalling calamity, have been successfully 
discharged, the Trustees of the University of 

26 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Chicago, on the recommendation of the Uni- 
versity Senate, admit you to the degree of Doctor 
of Laws in this University." 

The doctorial hood was hung about the Presi- 
dent's shoulders by Recorder Parker and Dr. 
Harper handed him the diploma, engrossed on 
parchment and bound in gold-tooled red mo- 
rocco. 

At the close of this ceremony the President 
assisted in laying the cornerstone of the Uni- 
versity Law Building in the presence of 10,000 
persons. 

In a short address, he said: 

"It is of vast importance to us as a nation, that 
there should be a foundation deep and broad of 
material well-being. No nation can amount to 
anything great unless the individuals composing 
it have so worked with the head or with the 
hands for their own benefit, as well as for the 
benefit of their fellows, in material ways, that 
the sum of the national prosperity is' great. But 
that alone does not make true greatness or any- 

27 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

thing approaching true greatness. It is only the 
foundation for it, and it is the existence of insti- 
tutions such as this that stand as one of the really 
great assets of which a nation can speak when it 
claims true greatness. 

"You need honesty, you need courage, you 
need common sense. You, the graduates of this 
university, you, the undergraduates, upon you 
rests a heavy burden of responsibility. Much 
has been given to you; much will be expected 
from you. If you fail in it you discredit your- 
selves ; you discredit the whole cause of education. 
And you can succeed and will succeed if you 
work in the spirit of the words and the deeds of 
Dr. Harper and of those men, whom I have 
known so well, who are in your f aculity today." 

At 7 o'clock in the evening the President was 
entertained at dinner at the Auditorium Hotel 
by one hundred and ten representative Chi- 
cagoans. There was but one toast drunk and 
but one speech made. Mr. Frank O. Lowden, 
the presiding officer, said: 

28 





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HE MEANS WHAT HE SAYS! 

Intellectual supremacy is good, physical prowess desirable, but, better than: 

and without which none can succeed, is an upright 

character. "—Epanston, Iliinnis. 




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IN WISCONSIN 

"Don't boast. Don't insult anyone. Let us make up our minds cooly what is 

necessary for us to say, say it. and then siandto it, whatever 

the consequences may be." 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPIvE 

''Chicago always is proud of our President. 
Especially is Chicago proud of President Roose- 
velt. Gentlemen, I ask you to stand and drink 
to the health of Theodore Roosevelt, President 
of the United States." 

After the banquet, the President v^^as escorted 
to the Auditorium, which was packed with peo- 
ple, an immense number of persons being un- 
able to get inside for want of tickets. 

Introduced by the Chairman, Mr. Franklin 
MacVeagh, Mayor Carter H. Harrison wel- 
comed the President to the city "with a v/elcome 
which comes from every citizen, regardless of 
party, race or class — a hearty Western welcome 
of the sort you love." 

The President was greeted with cheer after 
cheer. He bowed again and again, and, when 
order finally was restored, spoke as follows, his 
subject being The Monroe Doctrine: 



33 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AT CHICAGO, 
ILLINOIS, APRIL 2, 1903 — THE 
MONROE DOCTRINE. 
Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

To-day I wish to speak to you, not merely 
about the Monroe Doctrine, but about our en- 
tire position in the Western Hemisphere — a po- 
sition so peculiar and predominant that out of it 
has grown the acceptance of the Monroe Doc- 
trine as a cardinal feature of our foreign policy; 
and in particular I wish to point out what has 
been done during the lifetime of the last Con- 
gress to make good our position in accordance 
with this historic policy. 

Ever since the time when we definitely ex- 
tended our boundaries westward to the Pacific 
and southward to the Gulf, since the time when 
the old Spanish and Portuguese colonies to the 
south of us asserted their independence, our Na- 
tion has insisted that because of its primacy in 
strength among the nations of the Western Hem- 
isphere it has certain duties and responsibilities 

34 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

which oblige it to take a leading part thereon. 
We hold that our interests in this hemisphere are 
greater than those of any European power pos- 
sibly can be, and that our duty to ourselves and 
to the weaker republics who are our neighbors 
requires us to see that none of the great military 
powers far across the seas shall encroach upon the 
territory of the American republics or acquire 
control thereover. 

This policy, therefore, not only forbids us to 
acquiesce in such territorial acquisition, but also 
causes us to object to the acquirement of a control 
which would in its effect be equal to territorial 
aggrandizement. This is why the United States 
has steadily believed that the construction of the 
great Isthmian canal, the building of which is to 
stand as the greatest material feat of the twentieth 
century — greater than any similar feat in any 
preceding century — should be done by no for- 
eign nation but by ourselves. The canal must of 
necessity go through the territory of one of our 
smaller sister republics. We have been scrupu- 

35 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



lously careful to abstain from perpetrating any- 
wrong upon any of these republics in this matter. 
We do not wish to interfere with their rights in 
the least; but, while carefully safeguarding them, 
to build the canal ourselves under provisions 
which will enable us, if necessary, to police and 
protect it and to guarantee its neutrality, we 
being the sole guarantor. Our intention was 
steadfast; we desired action taken so that the 
canal could always be used by us in time of peace 
and war alike, and in time of war could never be 
used to our detriment by any nation which was 
hostile to us. Such action, by the circumstances 
surrounding it, was necessarily for the benefit and 
not the detriment of the adjacent American re- 
publics. 

After considerably more than half of a century 
these objects have been exactly fulfilled by the 
legislation and treaties of the last two years. Two 
years ago we were no further advanced toward 
the construction of the Isthmian canal on our 
terms than we had been during the preceding 

86 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

eighty years. By the Hay-Pauncefote treaty, rat- 
ified in December, 1901, an old treaty with Great 
Britain, which has been held to stand in the way, 
was abrogated and it was agreed that the canal 
should be constructed under the auspices of the 
Government of the United States, and that this 
Government should have the exclusive right to 
regulate and tnanage it, becoming the sole guar- 
antor of its neutrality. 

It was expressly stipulated, furthermore, that 
this guaranty of neutrality should not prevent the 
United States from taking any measures which 
it found necessary in order to secure by its own 
forces the defense of the United States and the 
maintenance of public order. Immediately fol- 
lowing this treaty Congress passed a law under 
which the President was authorized to endeavor 
to secure a treaty for acquiring the right to finish 
the construction of, and to operate, the Panama 
Canal, which had already been begun in the ter- 
ritory of Colombia by a French company. The 

rights of this company were accordingly obtained 

37 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

and a treaty negotiated with the Republic of Co- 
lombia. This treaty has just been ratified by the 
Senate. It reserves all of Colombia's rights, 
while guaranteeing all of our own and those of 
neutral nations, and specifically permits us to 
take any and all measures for the defense of the 
canal, and for the preservation of our interests, 
whenever in our judgment an exigency may arise 
which calls for action on our part. In other 
words, these two treaties, and the legislation to 
carry them out, have resulted in our obtaining on 
exactly the terms we desired the rights and priv- 
ileges which we had so long sought in vain. 
These treaties are among the most important that 
we have ever negotiated in their effects upon the 
future welfare of this country, and mark a mem- 
orable triumph of American diplomacy — one of 
those fortunate triumphs, moreover, which re- 
dounds to the benefit of the entire world. 

About the same time trouble arose in connec- 
tion with the Republic of Venezuela because of 
certain wrongs alleged to have been committed, 

38 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

and debts overdue, by this Republic to citizens of 
foreign powers, notably England, Germany, and 
Italy. After failure to reach an agreement these 
powers began a blockade of the Venezuelan 
coast and a condition of quasi-war ensued. The 
concern of our Government was of course not to 
interfere needlessly in any quarrel so far as it did 
not touch our interests or our honor, and not to 
take the attitude of protecting from coercion any 
power unless we were willing to espouse the 
quarrel of that power, but to keep an attitude of 
watchful vigilance and see that there was no in- 
fringement of the Monroe Doctrine — no ac- 
quirement of territorial rights by a European 
power at the expense of a weak sister republic — 
whether this acquisition might take the shape of 
an outright and avowed seizure of territory or of 
the exercise of control which would in efifect be 
equivalent to such seizure. This attitude was ex- 
pressed in the two following published memo- 
randa, the first being the letter addressed by the 
Secretary of State to the German Ambassador, 

89 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

the second the conversation with the Secretary 
of State reported by the British Ambassador: 
''Department of State, 

"Washington, December l6, IQOI. 
"His Excellency 

Dr. von Hollenben, etc. : 
^^Dear Excellency : I inclose a memorandum 
by way of reply to that which you did me the 
honor to leave with me on Saturday, and am, as 
ever, 

"Faithfully yours, 

"John Hay. 

'^Memorandum : 

"The President in his message of the 3d of De- 
cember, 1901, used the following language: 

" 'The Monroe Doctrine is a declaration that 
there must be no territorial aggrandizement by 
any non-American power at the expense of any 
American power on American soil. It is in no 
wise intended as hostile to any nation in the Old 
World.' 

"The President further said : 

40 




hrum .Stereograph, copyright by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y. 



THE NATION'S CHIEF AT ST. PAUL 

"•Let children learn from experience to be strong and manly," said 
President Roosevelt in his St. Paul speech. 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

" 'This doctrine has nothing to do with the 
commercial relations of any American power, 
save that it in truth allows each of them to form 
such as it desires. * * * vVe do not guar- 
antee any state against punishment if it miscon- 
ducts itself, provided that punishment does not 
take the form of the acquisition of territory by 
any non-American power.' 

''His Excellency the German Ambassador, on 
his recent return from Berlin, conveyed person- 
ally to the President the assurance of the Ger- 
man Emperor that His Majesty's Government 
had no purpose or intention to make even the 
smallest acquisition of territory on the South 
American continent or the islands adjacent. 
This voluntary and friendly declaration was 
afterwards repeated to the Secretary of State, and 
was received by the President and the people of 
the United States in the frank and cordial spirit 
in which is was offered. In the memorandum of 
the nth of December, His Excellency the Ger- 
man Ambassador repeats these assurances as fol- 

43 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

lows : 'We declare especially that under no cir- 
cumstances do we consider in our proceedings 
the acquisition or die permanent occupation of 
Venezuelan territory.' 

"In the said memorandum of the nth of De- 
cember, the German Government informs that 
of the United States that it has certain just claims 
for money and for damages wrongfully withheld 
from German subjects by the Government of 
Venezeula, and that it proposes to take certain 
coercive measures described in the memorandum 
to enforce the payment of these just claims. 

"The President of the United States, appre- 
ciating the courtesy of the German Government 
in making him acquainted with the state of af- 
fairs referred to, and not regarding himself as 
called upon to enter into the consideration of the 
claims in question, believes that no measures 
will be taken in this matter by the agents of the 
German Government which are not in accord- 
ance with the well-known purpose, above set 
forth, of His Majesty the German Emperor." 

44 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Sir Michael Herbert to the Marquis 
of Lansdowne. 

"Washington, November 13, igo2. 

"I communicated to Mr. Hay this morning 
the substance of Your Lordship's telegram of the 
nth instant. 

"His Excellency stated in reply, that the 
United States Government, although they re- 
gretted that European powers should use force 
against Central and South American countries, 
could not object to their taking steps to obtain 
redress for injuries suffered by their subjects, 
provided that no acquisition of territory was 
contemplated." 

Both powers assured us in explicit terms that 
there was not the slightest intention on their part 
to violate the principles of the Monroe Doctrine, 
and this assurance was kept with an honorable 
good faith which merits full acknowledgment on 
our part. At the same time, the existence of hos- 
tilities in a region so near our own borders was 

fraught with such possibilities of danger in the 

45 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

future that it was obviously no less our duty to 
ourselves than our duty to humanity to endeavor 
to put an end to that. Accordingly, by an offer 
of our good services in a spirit of frank friendli- 
ness to all the parties concerned, a spirit in w^hich 
they quickly and cordially responded, we secured 
a resumption of peace — the contending parties 
agreeing that the matters which they could not 
settle among themselves should be referred to 
The Hague Tribunal for settlement. The 
United States had most fortunately already been 
able to set an example to other nations by util- 
izing the great possibilities for good contained in 
The Hague Tribunal, a question at issue between 
ourselves and the Republic of Mexico being the 
first submitted to this international court of ar- 
bitration. 

The terms which we have secured as those un- 
der which the Isthmian canal is to be built, and 
the course of events in the Venezuelan matter, 
have shown not merely the ever growing influ- 
ence of the United States In the Western Hemis- 

46 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

phere, but also, I think I may safely say, have 
exemplified the firm purpose of the United 
States that its growth and influence and power 
shall redound not to the harm but to the benefit 
of our sister republics whose strength is less. Our 
growth, therefore, is beneficial to human kind in 
general. We do not intend to assume any posi- 
tion which can give just ofifense to our neighbors. 
Our adherence to the rule of human right is not 
merely profession. The history of our dealings 
with Cuba shows that we reduce it to perform- 
ance. 

The Monroe Doctrine is not international law, 
and though I think one day it may become such, 
this is not necessary as long as it remains a car- 
dinal feature of our foreign policy and as long as 
we possess both the will and the strength to make 
it effective. This last point, my fellow-citizens, 
is all important, and is one which as a people we 
can never afford to forget. I believe in the Mon- 
roe Doctrine v^Ith all my heart and soul ; I am 
convinced that the immense majority of our fel- 

47 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

low-countrymen so believe in it; but I would in- 
finitely prefer to see us abandon it than to see us 
put forward and bluster about it, and yet fail to 
build up the efficient fighting strength which in 
the last resort can alone make it respected by any 
strong foreign power whose interest it may ever 
happen to be to violate it. 

Boasting and blustering are as objectionable 
among nations as among individuals, and the 
public men of a great nation owe it to their sense 
of national self-respect to speak courteously of 
foreign powers, just as a brave and self-respect- 
ing man treats all around him courteously. But 
though to boast is bad, and causelessly to insult 
another, worse; yet worse than all is it to be 
guilty of boasting, even without insult, and when 
called to the proof to be unable to make such 
boasting good. There is a homely old adage 
which runs : ''Speak softly and carry a big stick ; 
you will go far." If the American Nation will 
speak softly, and yet build, and keep at a pitch of 
the highest training, a thoroughly efficient Navy, 

48 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

the Monroe Doctrine will go far. I ask you to 
think over this. If you do, you will come to the 
conclusion that it is mere plain common sense, so 
obviously sound that only the blind can fail to 
see its truth and only the weakest and most irres- 
olute can fail to desire to put it into force. 

Well, in the last two years I am happy to say 
we have taken long strides in advance as regards 
our Navy. The last Congress, in addition to 
smaller vessels, provided nine of those formid- 
able fighting ships upon which the real efficiency 
of any Navy in war ultimately depends. It pro- 
vided, moreover, for the necessary addition of 
officers and enlisted men to make the ships worth 
having. Meanwhile the Navy Department has 
seen to it that our ships have been constantly ex- 
ercised at sea, with the great guns, and in maneu- 
vers, so that their efficiency as fighting units, 
both individually and when acting together, has 
been steadily improved. Remember that all of 
this is necessary. A war ship is a huge bit of 
mechanism, well-nigh as delicate and compli- 

49 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

cated as it is formidable. It takes years to build 
it. It takes years to teach the officers and men 
how to handle it to good advantage. It is an ab- 
solute impossibility to improvise a navy at the 
outset of v^ar. No recent war between any two 
nations has lasted as long as it takes to build a 
battleship; and it is just as impossible to impro- 
vise the officers or the crews as to improvise the 
navy. 

To lay up a battleship and only send it afloat 
at the outset of a war, with a raw crew and un- 
tried officers, would be not merely a folly but a 
crime, for it would invite both disaster and dis- 
grace. The Navy which so quickly decided in 
our favor the war of 1898 had been built and 
made efficient during the preceding fifteen years. 
The ships that triumphed off Manila and San- 
tiago had been built under previous Administra- 
tions with money appropriated by previous Con- 
gresses. The officers and the men did their duty 
so well because they had already been trained to 
do it by long sea service. All honor to the gal- 

50 




d. N. Y. 



THE SMILE THAT MADE HIM FAMOUS 
President Roosevelt entering Yellowstone Park. 





From Storeugruph, lupyright by Underwood 4 Underwood, N. Y. 

AT YELLOWSTONE PARK 

The above snapshot of President Roosevelt and Major Pitcher shows the two 
entering America's Wonder Land at Mammoth Hot Springs. 




From Stereognipli, ciii.yright by UmliTWOdd & Underwood, X. Y. 

AT FORT YELLOWSTONE 

The above picture shows President Roosevelt accompanied by John Burroughs, 

the noted naturalist, and a party of friends, setting out for a 

trip through Yellowstone Park. 




ipyritsiif l>,v rndiTwcMicl & rnilcrwodil, X. Y. 



AT LINCOLN, NEBRASKA 

'Capitalist and^age-worker alike, should honestly endeavor each to look at any 
matter from the other's standpoint. 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

lant officers and gallant men who actually did the 
fighting; but remember, too, to honor the public 
men, the shipwrights, and steel workers, the own- 
ers of the shipyards and armor plants, to whose 
united foresight and exertion we owe it that in 
1898 we had craft so good, guns so excellent, and 
American seamen of so high a type in the con- 
ning towers, in the gun turrets, and in the en- 
gine rooms. It is too late to prepare for war 
when war has come ; and if we only prepare suf- 
ficiently no war will ever come. We wish a pow- 
erful and efficient Navy, not for purposes of war, 
but as the surest guaranty of peace. If we have 
such a Navy — if we keep on building it up — we 
may rest assured that there is but the smallest 
chance that trouble will ever come to this Na- 
tion; and we may likewise rest assured that no 
foreign power will ever quarrel with us about 
the Monroe Doctrine. 



55 



CHAPTER 11. 

CHICAGO TO MILWAUKEE. 

The President's train left Chicago at mid- 
night, April 3, via the Chicago & Northwestern 
Railway for Madison, Wis., where he w^as met 
by a party of state, legislative and city officials, 
headed by Governor La FoUette and Mayor 
Groves, and escorted to the capitol by the Uni- 
versity Regiment, Company G of the First Reg- 
iment, W. N, G., and a mounted guard. 

In a brief speech the President said, referring 
to the fact that the State University is located at 
Madison, he liked athletic working colleges, but 
that athletics must not Interfere with the devel- 
opment of the mental faculties. It is a good 
thing, he said, to be a good half-back, but it is a 
mighty bad thing, if, at forty, all you can say of 
a man is that he was a good half-back. He spoke 
of the qualities necessary to good citizenship, 
saying that we need now the same qualities to 

56 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

work out our salvation in peace as were needed 
to work out our salvation through war. 

In order that the immense crowd of people in 
the capitol grounds might see the President, he 
was introduced from a stand erected at the en- 
trance. He said: 

"There will be ups and downs in prosperity, 
but in the long run the tide will go on if we but 
prove true to ourselves and to the belief of our 
forefathers. To win we must be able to combine 
in a proper degree the spirit of individualism and 
the spirit of cooperation. Each man must work 
for himself. If he cannot support himself he 
will be a drag on all mankind; but each man 
must work for the common good. There is not 
a man here who does not at times need to have a 
helping hand extended to him, and shame on the 
brother who will not extend the helping hand." 

A short reception was then held by the Presi- 
dent for members of the legislature and state of- 
ficers, many of whom were accompanied by their 
wives. 

57 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

The train reached Waukesha, Wis., at 12:50 
p. m., and stopped for half an hour. A great 
throng was assembled at the depot and cheered 
the President when he was introduced by Mayor 
Harding. 

The President said: 

"I believe we are face to face with great world 
problems, and that we cannot help playing the 
part of a great world power. All we can decide 
is whether we can play it well or ill. I do not 
want to see us shrinking in the least bit from our 
duty. We have got to hold our own. 

^'I do not believe the United States should 
ever suffer wrong. I would be the first that 
would resent a wrong from the start, just as I 
should be the first to insist that we do not wrong 
the weak. I believe in the Monroe Doctrine, 
and, as long as I am President, it shall be lived up 
to. I do not intend to make that an excuse or 
fortification for being unpleasant to other pow- 
ers. We want the friendship of mankind. We 
want peace. We wish well to the nations of man- 

58 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

kind. Don't boast. Don't insult anyone. Let us 
make up our minds coolly what is necessary for 
us to say, say it, and then stand to it, whatever the 
consequences may be." 

At Milwaukee the President was received by 
a committee headed by Mayor David S. Rose 
and driven to the National Soldiers' Home, hav- 
ing as an escort Troop A., of the Wisconsin Na- 
tional Guards. He reviewed the veterans and 
addressed them. Returning to the city, the pro- 
cession of carriages stopped at the Exposition 
Building, where the President was formally w^el- 
comed on behalf of the City by Mayor Rose. 
The President said: 

"Woe will beset this country if we draw lines 
of distinction between class and class or creed 
and creed, or along any lines save that which 
divides good citizenship from bad citizenship." 

Visits were made to the Deutscher Club and 
the Press Club. In the evening the President 
was the guest of the Milwaukee Merchants and 
Manufacturers' Association at a banquet at the 

59 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Plankinton House. Covers were laid for 530. 

Introduced by the toastmaster, Mr. E. A. 
Wadhams, the President spoke on The Trusts, as 
follows : 
ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AT MIL- 
WAUKEE, WIS., APRIL 3, 1903 — THE TRUSTS. 
Mr. Toastmaster, Gentlemen: 

To-day I wish to speak to you on the question 
of the control and regulation of those great cor- 
porations which are popularly, although rather 
vaguely, known as trusts; dealing mostly with 
what has actually been accomplished in the way 
of legislation and in the way of enforcement of 
legislation during the past eighteen months, the 
period covering the two sessions of the Fifty- 
seventh Congress. At the outset I shall ask you 
to remember that I do not approach the subject 
either from the standpoint of those who speak 
of themselves as anti-trust or anti-corporation 
people, nor yet from the standpoint of those who 
are fond of denying the existence of evils in the 
trusts, or who apparently proceed upon the as- 

60 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

sumption that if a corporation is large enough it 
can do no wrong. 

I think I speak for the great majority of the 
American people when I say that we are not in 
the least against wealth as such, whether individ- 
ual or corporate ; that we merely desire to see any 
abuse of corporate or combined wealth corrected 
and remedied; that we do not desire the abolition 
or destruction of big corporations, but, on the 
contrary, recognize them as being in many cases 
efficient economic instruments, the results of an 
inevitable process of economic evolution, and 
only desire to see them regulated and controlled 
so far as may be necessary to subserve the public 
good. We should be false to the historic prin- 
ciples of our Government if we discriminated, 
either by legislation or administration, either for 
or against a man because of either his wealth or 
his poverty. There is no proper place in our so- 
ciety either for the rich man who uses the 
power conferred by his riches to enable him 
to oppress and wrong his neighbors, nor yet for 

61 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

the demagogic agitator who, instead of attacking 
abuses as all abuses should be attacked where- 
ever found, attacks property, attacks prosperity, 
attacks men of wealth, as such, whether they be 
good or bad, attacks corporations whether they 
do well or ill, and seeks, in a spirit of ignorant 
rancor, to overthrow the very foundations upon 
which rests our national well-being. 

In consequence of the extraordinary industrial 
changes of the last half century, and notably of 
the last two or three decades, changes due main- 
ly to the rapidity and complexity of our indus- 
trial growth, we are confronted with problems 
which, in their present shape, were unknown to 
our forefathers. Our great prosperity, with its 
accompanying concentration of population and 
of wealth, its extreme specialization of faculties, 
and its development of giant industrial leaders, 
has brought much good and some evil, and it is 
as foolish to ignore the good as wilfully to blind 
ourselves to the evil. 

The evil has been partly the inevitable accbm- 

62 




From Steredgraph, onjoTight by Umierwdiid & rriiierwoud, N. Y. 

"SHOULD AULD ACQUAINTANCE BE FORGOT" 

When President Roosevelt arrived at the little town of Medora, North Dakota, 

where he owned a ranch in 1 886, he was given a 

truly Western reception. 




Copyrislit by rndcrw 1 & I'ikUtwo.kI, X. Y. 

AT FORT YELLOWSTONE 
Ready to start on a two weeks' trip through Yellowstone Park. 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

paniment of the social changes, and where this is 
the case, it can be cured neither by law nor by the 
administration of the law, the only remedy lying 
in the slow change of character and of economic 
environment. But for a portion of the evil, at 
least, we think that remedies can be found. We 
know well the danger of false remedies, and we 
are against all violent, radical, and unwise 
change. But we believe that by proceeding 
slowly, yet resolutely, with good sense and mod- 
eration, and also with a firm determination not 
to be swerved from our course either by foolish 
clamor or by any base or sinister influence, we 
can accomplish much for the betterment of con- 
ditions. 

Nearly two years ago, speaking at the State 
Fair in Minnesota, I said: 

"It is probably true that the large majority of 
the fortunes that now exist in this country have 
been amassed, not by injuring our people, but as 
an incident to the conferring of great benefits 
upon the community, and this, no matter what 

65 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

may have been the conscious purpose of those 
amassing them. There is but the scantiest jus- 
tification for most of the outcry against the men 
of wealth as such; and it ought to be unnecessary 
to state that any appeal which directly or indi- 
rectly leads to suspicion and hatred among our- 
selves, which tends to limit opportunity, and 
therefore to shut the door of success against poor 
men of talent, and, finally, which entails the pos- 
sibility of lawlessness and violence, is an attack 
upon the fundamental properties of American 
citizenship. Our interests are at bottom com- 
mon; in the long run we go up or go down to- 
gether. Yet more and more it is evident that the 
State, and if necessary the Nation, has got to pos- 
sess the right of supervision and control as re- 
gards the great corporations which are its crea- 
tures; particularly as regards the great business 
combinations which derive a portion of their im- 
portance from the existence of some monopolis- 
tic tendency. The right should be exercised with 



66 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

caution and self-restraint; but it should exist, so 
that it may be invoked if the need arises." 
Last fall in speaking at Cincinnati I said: 
"The necessary supervision and control, in 
which I firmly believe as the only method of 
eliminating the real evils of the trusts, must come 
through wisely and cautiously framed legisla- 
tion, which shall aim in the first place to give 
definite control to some sovereign over the great 
corporations, and which shall be followed, when 
once this power has been conferred, by a system 
giving to the Government the full knowledge 
which is the essential for satisfactory action. 
Then, when this knowledge — one of the essential 
features of which is proper publicity — has been 
gained, what further steps of any kind are nec- 
essary can be taken with the confidence born of 
the possession of power to deal with the subject, 
and of a thorough knowledge of what should and 
can be done in the matter. We need additional 
power, and we need knowledge. * * * Such 
legislation — whether obtainable now or obtain- 

67 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

able only after a constitutional amendment — 
should provide for a reasonable supervision, the 
most prominent feature of which at first should 
be publicity; that is, the making public, both to 
the Government authorities and to the people at 
large, the essential facts in which the public is 
concerned. This would give us exact knowl- 
edge of many points which are now not only in 
doubt but the subject of fierce controversy. 
Moreover, the mere fact of the publication 
would cure some very grave evils, for the light 
of day is a deterrent to wrongdoing. It would 
doubtless disclose other evils with which, for the 
time being, we could devise no way to grapple. 
Finally, it would disclose others which could be 
grappled with and cured by further legislative 
action." 

In my message to Congress for 1901 I said: 

"In the interest of the whole people the Na- 
tion should, without interfering with the power 
of the States in the matter, itself also assume 

68 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

power of supervision and regulation over all cor- 
porations doing an interstate business." 

The views thus expressed have now received 
effect by the wise, conservative, and yet far- 
reaching legislation enacted by Congress at its 
last session. 

In its wisdom Congress enacted the very im- 
portant law providing a Department of Com- 
merce and Labor, and further providing therein 
under the Secretary of Commerce and Labor for 
a Commissioner of Corporations, charged with 
the duty of supervision of and of making intelli- 
gent investigation into the organization and con- 
duct of corporations engaged in interstate com- 
merce. His powers to expose illegal or hurtful 
practices and to obtain all information needful 
for the purposes of further intelligent legisla- 
tion seem adequate; and the publicity justifiable 
and proper for public purposes is satisfactorily 
guaranteed. The law was passed at the very end 
of the session of Congress. Owing to the lateness 
of its passage Congress was not able to provide 

69 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

proper equipment for the new Department; and 
the first few months must necessarily be spent in 
the work of organization, and the first investiga- 
tions must necessarily be of a tentative character. 
The satisfactory development of such a system 
requires time and great labor. Those who are 
intrusted with the administration of the new law 
will assuredly administer it in a spirit of absolute 
fairness and justice and of entire fearlessness, 
with the firm purpose not to hurt any corpora- 
tion doing a legitimate business — on the con- 
trary to help it — and, on the other hand, not to 
spare any corporation which may be guilty of 
illegal practices, or the methods of which may 
make it a menace to the public welfare. Some 
substantial good will be done in the immediate 
future; and as the Department gets fairly to 
work under the law an ever larger vista for good 
work will be opened along the lines indicated. 
The enactment of this law is one of the most sig- 
nificant contributions which have been made In 
our time toward the proper solution of the prob- 

70 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

lem of the relations to the people of the great 
corporations and corporate combinations. 

But much though this is, it is only a part of 
what has been done in the efifort to ascertain and 
correct improper trust or monopolistic practices. 
Some eighteen months ago the Industrial Com- 
mission, an able and nonpartisan body, reported 
to Congress the result of their investigation of 
trusts and industrial combinations. One of the 
most important of their conclusions was that dis- 
criminations in freight rates and facilities were 
granted favored shippers by the railroads and 
that these discriminations clearlv tended toward 
the control of production and prices in many 
fields of business by large combinations. That 
this conclusion was justifiable was shown by the 
disclosures in the investigation of railroad meth- 
ods pursued in the fall and winter of 1901-1902. 
It was then shown that certain trunk lines had 
entered into unlawful agreements as to the trans- 
portation of food products from the West to the 
Atlantic seaboard, giving a few favored ship- 

71 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

pers rates much below the tariff charges imposed 
upon the smaller dealers and the general public. 
These unjust practices had prevailed to such an 
extent and for so long a time that many of the 
smaller shippers had been driven out of busi- 
ness, until practically one buyer of grain on each 
railway system had been able by his illegal ad- 
vantages to secure a monopoly on the line with 
which his secret compact was made; this mon- 
opoly enabling him to fix the price to both pro- 
ducer and consumer. Many of the great pack 
ing house concerns were shown to be in com- 
bination with each other and with most of the 
great railway lines, whereby they enjoyed large 
secret concessions in rates and thus obtained a 
practical monopoly of the fresh and cured meat 
industry of the country. These fusions, though 
violative of the statute, had prevailed unchecked 
for so many years that they had become in- 
trenched in and interwoven with the commer- 
cial line of certain large distributing localities; 
although this was of course at the expense of the 

72 




From Stereograph, copyright by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y. 



A SEA OF FACES 

President Roosevelt's splendid welcome to Lincoln, Nebraska, is shown in 
the above illustration. 




< 

~ a: 

I m 



o 




From Stfreograph, 



i2:lit by rnderwood & I'nderwc 



IN NEBRASKA 

'If as individuals, or as a community, we mar our future by our own folly, let 
us remember that it is upon ourselves that the responsibility must rest." 









M^ki 


^^^^^^^^^^F^"^ 


g|P 


wS^M 


^^K '' 


^te'- 




1^^^ 




^^^^^^^S5.^^^H 


^t^aSedlt^i 


l5^^ ^ 




"^tt^'ini^'^ 


^^B^'PH^^H 




i^g%_ ..,. 


^ 


|@f% 




Bfi^lL 


• j[v^\Jb 











From StoreoKiaiili. cnijx rinlit l..\- I ihIi-iw.h.I .v 1 ndciwnixl. X. Y. 



A TYPICAL IOWA AUDIENCE 

'I never said anything off the stump that I would not say on the stump, so that 
what I say now you can take as sincere." 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



vast body of law-abiding merchants, the general 
public, and particularly of unfavored localities. 

Under those circumstances it was a serious 
problem to determine the wise course to follow 
in vitalizing a law which had in part become 
obsolete or proved incapable of enforcement. 
Of what the Attorney-General did in enforcing 
it I shall speak later. The decisions of the 
courts upon the law had betrayed weaknesses 
and imperfections, some of them so serious as to 
render abortive efforts to apply any effective 
remedy for the existing evils. 

It is clear that corporations created for quasi 
public purposes, clothed for that reason with 
the ultimate power of the state to take private 
property against the will of the owner, hold their 
corporate powers as carriers in trust for the 
fairly impartial service of all the public. Fa- 
voritism in the use of such powers, unjustly en- 
riching some and unjustly impoverishing others, 
'discriminating in favor of some places -.ind 
against others, is palpably violative of plain 



77 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

principles of justice. Such a practice unchecked 
is hurtful in many ways. Congress, having had 
its attention drawn to the matter, enacted a 
most important anti-rebate law, which greatly 
strengthens the interstate-commerce law. This 
new law prohibits under adequate penalties the 
giving and as well the demanding or receiving 
of such preferences, and provides the prevent- 
ive remedy of injunction. The rigorous admin- 
istration of this law, and it will be enforced, will, 
it is hoped, afford a substantial remedy for cer- 
tain trust evils which have attracted public at- 
tention and have created public unrest. 

This law represents a noteworthy and impor- 
tant advance toward just and effective regula- 
tion of transportation. Moreover, its passage 
has been supplemented by the enactment of a 
law to expedite the hearing of actions of public 
moment under the anti-trust act, known as the 
Sherman law, and under the act to regulate 
commerce, at the request of the Attorney-Gen- 
eral; and furthermore, additional funds have 

78 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

been appropriated to be expended under the 
direction of the Attorney-General in the en- 
forcement of these laws. 

All of this represents a great and substantial 
advance in le2:islation. But more important even 
than lep:islation is the administration of the law^, 
and I ask your attention for a moment to the 
v^ay in which the law has been administered by 
the profound jurist and fearless public servant 
who now occupies the position of Attorney-Gen- 
eral, Mr. Knox. The Constitution enjoins uoon 
the President that he shall take care that the 
laws be faithfully executed, and under this pro- 
vision the Attorney-General formulated a policy 
which was in eflfect nothing but the rigid en- 
forcement, by suits managed with consummate 
skill and ability, both of the anti-trust law and 
of the imperfect provisions of the act to regulate 
commerce. The first step taken w^as the nrose- 
cution of fourteen suits against the principal 
railroads of the Middle West, restraining them 
by injunction from further violations of either 
of the laws in question. 

79 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

About the same time the case against the 
Northern Securities Company was initiated. 
This was a corporation organized under the laws 
of the State of New Jersey with a capital of four 
hundred million dollars, the alleged purpose be- 
ing to control the Great Northern and the 
Northern Pacific railroad companies, two par- 
allel and competing lines extending across the 
northern tier of States from the Mississippi 
River to the Pacific Ocean. Whatever the pur- 
pose its consummation would have resulted in 
the control of the two great railway systems upon 
which the people of the Northwestern States 
were so largely dependent for their supplies and 
to get their products to market being practically 
merged into the New Jersey corporation. The 
proposition that these independent systems of 
railroads should be merged under a single con- 
trol alarmed the people of the States concerned, 
lest they be subjected to what they deemed a 
monopoly of interstate transportation and the 
suppression of competition. The governors of 

80 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



the States most deeply affected held a meeting 
to consider how to prevent the merger becoming 
effective and passed resolution calling upon the 
National Government to enforce the anti-trust 
laws against the alleged combination. When 
these resolutions were referred to the Attorney- 
General for consideration and advice, he re- 
ported that in his opinion the Northern Secur- 
ities Company and its control of the railroads 
mentioned was a combination in restraint of 
trade and was attempting a monopoly in viola- 
tion of the national anti-trust law. Thereupon 
a suit in equity, which is now pending, was be- 
gun by the Government to test the validity of 
this transaction under the Sherman law. 

At nearly the same time the disclosures re- 
specting the secret rebates enjoyed by the great 
packing house companies, coupled with the 
very high price of meats, led the Attorney-Gen- 
eral to direct an investigation into the methods 
of the so-called beef trust. The result was that 
he filed bills for injunction against six of the 



81 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

principal packing house companies, and re- 
strained them from combining and agreeing 
upon prices at which they would sell their prod- 
ucts in States other than those in which their 
meats were prepared for market. Writs of in- 
junction were issued accordingly, and since 
then, after full argument, the United States cir- 
cuit court has made the injunction perpetual. 

The cotton interests of the South including 
growers, buyers, and shippers, made complaint 
that they were suffering great injury in their 
business from the methods of the Southern rail- 
roads in the handling and transportation of cot- 
ton. They alleged that these railroads, by com- 
bined action under a pooling arrangement to 
support their rate schedules, had denied to the 
shippers the right to elect over what roads theii:; 
commodities should be shipped, and that by di- 
viding upon a fixed basis the cotton crop of the 
South all inducement to compete in rates for the 
transportation thereof was eliminated. Proceed- 
ings were instituted by the Attorney-General un- 

82 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

der the anti-trust law, which resulted in the de- 
struction of the pool and in restoring to the 
growers and shippers of the South the right to 
ship their products over any road they elected, 
thus removing the restraint upon the freedom of 
commerce. 

In November, 1902, the Attorney-General 
directed that a bill for an injunction be filed in 
the United States circuit court at San Francisco 
against the Federal Salt Company — a corpora- 
tion which had been organized under the laws 
of an Eastern State, but had its main office and 
principal place of business in California — and 
against a number of other companies and per- 
sons constituting what was known as the salt 
trust. These injunctions were to restrain the 
execution of certain contracts between the Fed- 
eral Salt Company and the other defendants, by 
which the latter agreed neither to import, buy, 
or sell salt, except from and to the Federal Salt 
Company, and not to engage or assist in the pro- 
duction of salt west of the Mississippi River dur- 

83 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

ing the continuance of such contracts. As the 
result of these agreements the price of salt had 
been advanced about four hundred per cent. A 
temporary injunction order was obtained, which 
the defendants asked the court to modify on the 
ground that the anti-trust law had no application 
to contracts for purchases and sales within a 
State. The circuit court overruled this conten- 
tion and sustained the Government's position. 
This practically concluded the case, and it is un- 
derstood that in consequence the Federal Salt 
Company is about to be dissolved and that no 
further contests will be made. 

The above is a brief outline of the most im- 
portant steps, legislative and administrative, 
taken during the past eighteen months in the 
direction of solving, so far as at present it seems 
practicable by national legislation or adminis- 
tration to solve, what we call the trust problem. 
They represent a sum of very substantial achieve- 
ment. They represent a successful effort to de- 
vise and apply real remedies; an effort which so 

84 




■opyri-hl liy riiiUTWM.Kl ^ rnili'i-wuna. N. 1'. 



IN IOWA 

■We need the uprightness and fearlessness in a public servant which makes 
him do his duty." 




From Stereogi-a])h. i(ii:)>-i-i,«ht Ijy I'nderwii.Ml ,v link r\\ ooil, X. Y. 



IN MISSOURI 

"This Country, which we believe will reach a position of leadership never 
equaled, should so act that posterity will justly say when speak- 
ing of us 'That nation built good roads'." 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

far succeeded because it was made not only with 
resolute purpose and determination, but also in 
a spirit of common sense and justice, as far re- 
moved as possible from rancor, hysteria, and un- 
worthy demagogic appeal. In the same spirit 
the laws will continue to be enforced. Not only 
is the legislation recently enacted effective, but 
in my judgment it was impracticable to attempt 
more. Nothing of value is to be expected from 
ceaseless agitation for radical and extreme legis- 
lation. The people may wisely, and with con- 
fidence, await the results which are reasonably 
to be expected from the impartial enforcement 
of the laws which have recently been placed 
upon the statute books. Legislation of a general 
and indiscriminate character would be sure to 
fail, either because it would involve all interests 
in a common ruin, or because it would not really 
reach any evil. We have endeavored to provide 
a discriminating adaptation of the remedy to 
the real mischief. 

Many of the alleged remedies advocated are 

87 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

of the unpleasantly drastic type which seeks to 
destroy the disease by killing the patient. Others 
are so obviously futile that it is somewhat diffi- 
cult to treat them seriously or as being advanced 
in good faith. High among the latter I place 
the effort to reach the trust question by means 
of the tariff. You can, of course, put an end to 
the prosperity of the trusts by putting an end 
to the prosperity of the Nation, but the price 
for such action seems high. The alternative is 
to do exactly what has been done during the life 
of the Congress which has just closed — that is, 
to endeavor, not to destroy corporations, but to 
regulate them with a view of doing away with 
whatever is of evil in them and of making them 
subserve the public use. The law is not to be 
administered in the interest of the poor man as 
such, nor yet in the interest of the rich man as 
such, but in the interest of the law-abiding man, 
rich or poor. W2 are no more against organiza- 
tions of capital than against organizations of 
labor. We welcome both, demanding only that 

88 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

each shall do right and shall remember its duty 
to the Republic. Such a course we consider not 
merely a benefit to the poor man, but a benefit 
to the rich man. We do no man an injustice 
when we require him to obey the law. On the 
contrary, if he is a man whose safety and well- 
being depend in a peculiar degree upon the ex- 
istence of the spirit of law and order, we are 
rendering him the greatest service when we re- 
quire him to be himself an exemplar of that 
spirit. 



89 



CHAPTER III. 

MILWAUKEE TO MINNEAPOLIS. 
The train left Milwaukee at midnight, April 
4, via the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail- 
way and arrived at La Crosse., at 8:30, a. m. 
The President was met by a committee at the 
head of which were Congressman Each and 
Mayor Boschart. He addressed a crowd of ten 
or fifteen thousand people upon the subject of 
good citizenship. 

At Winona five thousand people were at the 
depot, and the President spoke for nearly ten 
minutes. He urged parents to teach their chil- 
dren to do and not to dodge. Thus they would 
learn true manhood and womanhood. 

At St. Paul a salute by Battery A, of the Min- 
nesota National Guard, joined with the cheers 
of an immense concourse that filled the streets, 
voiced the welcome of the Northwest when the 
train pulled in at 2:30, p. m. The President 

90 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

was greeted by Governor Van Sant and a com- 
mittee. An escort of Civil and Spanish War 
Veterans, National Guard and the 21st U. S. I. 
accompanied him to the capitol, where he spoke 
to the members of the legislature on Good Citi- 
zenship. 

The nation, he said, could do no better than 
the individuals who compose it, and if we wish 
for a strong and progressive nation we must cul- 
tivate strength and individuality among our citi- 
zens. He referred to his letter on "Race Sui- 
cide," saying that, while the letter had attracted 
much more attention than he imagined it would, 
he was glad of it; that he reaffirmed in strong 
tones the sentiments he had therein expressed, 
and believed that the discussion which had been 
created would have a marked effect upon the 
race. We were, he said, by the amalgamation of 
foreign nationalities, the intermarriage of the 
sturdy foreign emigrants who had sought our 
shores, evolving a new race — an American Race. 
He referred to the great sums being spent by 

91 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

western states in the education of Young Amer- 
ica, commended it, but added that this public 
school education must be supplemented by the 
education of the home. Home influences 
counted for much. No matter how much the 
father may seek to instill wise precepts into the 
mind of his child, if he did not enforce those 
precepts with his own good example, he could 
not expect his child to become a good citizen. 
"Furthermore, we must not allow our children 
to be reared in the lap of luxury. Put them 
out in the world to struggle for themselves, and 
thus gain an education in the rough school of 
experience that will teach them to be strong, to 
be independent and to be manly. Maintain a 
high standard of individual citizenship, and the 
nation will never deteriorate." 

The President was taken to Minneapolis in 
an electric car. The streets were lined with peo- 
ple, and his reception was most enthusiastic. He 
spoke for a few minutes to the students of the 
University of Minnesota, and then attended a 

92 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



banquet at the Nicolette Hotel, at which were 
present 225 persons, including Governor Van 
Sant and other state officials, congressmen and 
members of the reception committee and other 
prominent citizens. 

In responding to a toast, the President, talking 
on The Tariff, said : 

ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AT MINNE- 
APOLIS, MINN., APRIL 4, 1903— THE TARIFF. 

My Fellow-Citizens: 

At the special session of the Senate held in 
March the Cuban reciprocity treaty was ratified. 
When this treaty goes into effect, it will confer 
substantial economic benefits alike upon Cuba, 
because of the widening of her market in the 
United States, and upon the United States, be- 
cause of the equal widening and the progressive 
control it will give to our people in the Cuban 
market. This treaty is beneficial to both parties 
and justifies itself on several grounds. In the 
first place we ofifer to Cuba her natural market. 



93 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

We can confer upon her a benefit which no other 
nation can confer; and for the very reason we 
have started her as an independent republic and 
that we are rich, prosperous, and powerful, it 
behooves us to stretch out a helping hand to our 
feebler younger sister. In the next place it 
widens the market for our products, both the 
products of the farm and certain of our manu- 
factures; and it is therefore in the interests of 
our farmers, manufacturers, merchants, and 
wage-workers. Finally, the treaty was not 
merely warranted but demanded, apart from all 
other considerations, by the enlightened consid- 
eration of our foreign policy. More and more 
in the future we must occupy a preponderant 
position in the waters and along the coasts in the 
region south of us; not a position of control over 
the republics of the south but of control of the 
military situation so as to avoid any possible 
complications in the future. Under the Piatt 
amendment Cuba agreed to give us certain naval 
stations on her coast. The Navy Department 

94 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

decided that we needed but two, and we have 
specified where these two are to be. President 
Palma has concluded an agreement giving them 
to us — an agreement which the Cuban legislative 
body will doubtless soon ratify. In other words, 
the Republic of Cuba has assumed a special 
relation to our international political system, un- 
der which she gives us outposts of defense, and 
we are morally bound to extend to her in a degree 
the benefit of our own economic system. From 
every standpoint of wise and enlightened home 
and foreign policy the ratification of the Cuban 
treaty marked a step of substantial progress in 
the growth of our Nation toward greatness at 
home and abroad. 

Equally important was the action on the tariflF 
upon products of the Philippines. We gave 
them a reduction of twenty-five per cent, and 
would have given them a reduction of twenty- 
five per cent more had it not been for the oppo- 
sition, in the hurried closing days of the last 
session, of certain gentlemen who, by the way, 

95 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

have been representing themselves both as pecul- 
iarly solicitous for the interests of the Philippine 
people and as special champions of the lower- 
ing of tariff duties. There is a distinctly humor- 
ous side to the fact that the reduction of duties 
which would benefit Cuba and the Philippines 
as well as ourselves, was antagonized chiefly by 
those who in theory have been fond of proclaim- 
ing themselves the advanced guardians of the 
oppressed nationalities in the islands affected and 
the ardent advocates of the reductions of duties 
generally, but who instantly took violent ground 
against the practical steps to accomplish either 
purpose. 

Moreover, a law was enacted putting anthra- 
cite on the free list and completely removing the 
duties on all other kinds of coal for one year. 

We are now in a condition of prosperity un- 
paralleled not merely in our own history but in 
the history of any other nation. This prosperity 
is deep rooted and stands on a firm basis because 
it is due to the fact that the average American 

96 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

has in him the stuff out of which victors are made 
in the great industrial contests of the present 
day, just as in the great military contests of the 
past; and because he is now able to use and de- 
velop his qualities to best advantage under our 
well-established economic system. We are win- 
ning headship among the nations of the world 
because our people are able to keep their high 
average of individual citizenship and to show 
their mastery in the hard, complex, pushing life 
of the age. There will be fluctuations from time 
to time in our prosperity, but it will continue to 
grow just so long as we keep up this high aver- 
age of individual citizenship and permit it to 
work out its own salvation under proper econ- 
omic legislation. 

The present phenomenal prosperity has been 
won under a tariff which was made in accord- 
ance with certain fixed and definite principles, 
the most important of which is an avowed deter- 
mination to protect the interests of the American 
producer, business man, wage-worker, and 

97 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

farmer alike. The general tariff policy, to 
which without regard to changes in detail, I 
believe this country is irrevocably committed, 
is fundamentally based upon ample recognition 
of the difference between the cost of production 
— that is, the cost of labor — here and abroad, and 
of the need to see to it that our laws shall in 
no event afford advantage in our own market to 
foreign industries over American industries, to 
foreign capital over American capital, to for- 
eign labor over our own labor. This country 
has and this country needs better-paid, better- 
educated, better-fed, and better-clothed work- 
ingmen, of a higher type, than are to be found 
in any foreign country. It has and it needs a 
higher, more vigorous, and more prosperous 
type of tillers of the soil than is possessed by any 
other country. The business men, the merchants 
and manufacturers, and the managers of the 
transportation interests show the same superi- 
ority when compared with men of their type 
abroad. The events of the last few years have 

98 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

shown how skillfully the leaders of American 
industry use in international business competi- 
tion the mighty industrial weapons forged for 
them by the resources of our country, the wis- 
dom of our laws, and the skill, the inventive 
genius, and the administrative capacity of our 
people. 

It is, of course, a mere truism to say that we 
want to use everything in our power to foster 
the welfare of our entire body politic. In other 
words, we need to treat the tariff as a business 
proposition, from the standpoint of the interests 
of the country as a whole, and not with refer- 
ence to the temporary needs of any political 
party. It is almost as necessary that our policy 
should be stable as that it should be wise. A 
nation like ours could not long stand the ruin- 
ous policy of readjusting its business to radical 
changes in the tariff at short intervals, especially 
when, as now, owing to the immense extent and 
variety of our products, the tariff schedules 
carry rates of duty on thousands of different 

99 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

articles. Sweeping and violent changes in such 
a tariff, touching so vitally the interests of all 
of us, embracing agriculture, labor, manufac- 
tures, and commerce, would be disastrous in any 
event, and they would be fatal to our present 
well-being if approached on the theory that the 
principle of the protective tariff was to be 
abandoned. The business world, that is, the 
entire American world, can not afford, if it has 
any regard for its own welfare, even to consider 
the advisability of abandoning the present sys- 
tem. 

Yet, on the other hand, where the industrial 
conditions so frequently change, as with us must 
of necessity be the case, it is a matter of prime 
importance that we should be able from time 
to time to adapt our economic policy to the 
changed conditions. Our aim should be to pre- 
serve the policy of a protective tariff, in which 
the Nation as a whole has acquiesced, and yet 
wherever and whenever necessary to change the 
duties in particular paragraphs or schedules as 

100 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



matters of legislative detail, if such change is 
demanded by the interests of the Nation as a 
whole. 

In making any readjustment there are certain 
important considerations which can not be dis- 
regarded. If a tariff law has on the whole 
worked well, and if business has prospered un- 
der it and is prospering, it may be better to en- 
dure some inconveniences and inequalities for 
a time than by making changes to risk causing 
disturbance and perhaps paralysis in the indus- 
tries and business of the country. The fact that 
the change in a given rate of duty may be 
thought desirable does not settle the question 
whether it is advisable to make the change im- 
mediately. Every tariff deals with duties on 
thousands of articles arranged in hundreds of 
paragraphs and in many schedules. These 
duties affect a vast number of interests which are 
often conflicting. If necessary for our welfare, 
then of course Congress must consider the ques- 
tion of changing the law as a whole or changing 

101 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

any given rates of duty, but we must remember 
that whenever even a single schedule is consid- 
ered some interests will appear to demand a 
change in almost every schedule in the law; and 
when it comes to upsetting the schedules gener- 
ally the effect upon the business interests of the 
country would be ruinous. 

One point we must steadily keep in mind. 
The question of tariff revision, speaking broadly, 
stands wholly apart from the question of deal- 
ing with the trusts. No change in tariff duties 
can have any substantial effect in solving the so- 
called trust problem. Certain great trusts or 
great corporations are wholly unaffected by the 
tariff. Practically all the others that are of any 
importance have as a matter of fact numbers of 
smaller American competitors; and of course a 
change in the tariff which would work injury 
to the large corporation would work not merely 
injury but destruction to its smaller compet- 
itors; and equally of course such a change would 
mean disaster to all the wage-workers connected 

102 




('(il.yriulit '.ly rnilcrwuod & I'liilcrwdud. N. Y. 

IN MISSOURI 

'We must insist upon courage and resolution, upon hardihood tenacity and fer- 
tility of resource, we must insist upon the strong virile virtues, self- 
restraint, self-mastery and regard for the rights of others." 




Cop.vrigl.t liy I'liihTwiind iV; rii(l<T\viMi(l, N. Y. 

IN KANSAS 

"We hrtve in our scheme of government no room for the man who does not 
wish to pay his way through life by what he does." 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

with either the large or the small corporations. 
From the standpoint of those interested in the 
solution of the trust problem such a change 
would therefore merely mean that the trust was 
relieved of the competition of its weaker Amer- 
ican competitors, and thrown only into com- 
petition with foreign competitors; and that the 
first effort to meet this new competition would 
be made by cutting down wages, and would 
therefore be primarily at the cost of labor. In 
the case of some of our greatest trusts such a 
change might confer upon them a positive bene- 
fit. Speaking broadly, it is evident that the 
changes in the tariff, will affect the trusts for 
weal or for woe simply as they affect the whole 
country. The tariff affects trusts only as it af- 
fects all other interests. It makes all these in- 
terests, large or small, profitable; and its bene- 
fits can be taken from the large only under pen- 
alty of taking them from the small also. 

To sum up, then, we must as a people ap- 
proach a matter of such prime economic im- 

105 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

portance as the tariff from the standpoint of our 
business needs. We can not afford to become 
fossilized or to fail to recognize the fact that as 
the needs of the country change it may be neces- 
sary to meet these new needs by changing certain 
features of our tariff laws. Still less can we af- 
ford to fail to recognize the further fact that these 
changes must not be made until the need for 
them outweighs the disadvantages which may 
result; and when it becomes necessary to make 
them they should be made with full recognition 
of the need of stability in our economic system 
and of keeping unchanged the principle of that 
system which has now become a settled policy 
in our national life. We have prospered mar- 
velously at home. As a nation we stand in the 
very forefront in the giant international indus- 
trial competition of the day. We can not afford 
by any freak of folly to forfeit the position to 
which we have thus triumphantly attained. 



106 



CHAPTER IV. 

MINNEAPOLIS TO SIOUX FALLS. 
The train left Minneapolis at ii p. m., and 
reached Sioux Falls, S. D., at 8 o'clock on the 
morning of April 5. The President was met by 
a delegation led by Mayor Burnside and es- 
corted to the Cataract House by a detachment 
of two militia companies. He attended church 
in the morning, took a horseback ride in the af- 
ternoon, and went to church in the evening. He 
was up early Monday morning, and, after a ride 
around the city, went to the Auditorium, where 
he addressed four thousand school children. 
Subsequently he spoke from a stand to six thou- 
sand people, concerning The Wage-Worker and 
the Tiller of the Soil : 



107 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AT SIOUX 

FALLS^ SOUTH DAKOTA, APRIL 6, 1903— THE 

WAGE- WORKER AND THE TILLER OF THE SOIL. 

Fellow-Citizens : 

There are many, many lesser problems which 
go to make up in their entirety the huge and 
complex problems of our modern industrial life. 
Each of these problems is, moreover, connected 
with many of the others. Few indeed are simple 
or stand only by themselves. The most impor- 
tant are those connected with the relation of the 
farmers, the stock growers and soil tillers, to the 
community at large, and those afifecting the re- 
lations between employer and employed. In a 
country like ours it is fundamentally true that 
the well-being of the tiller of the soil and the 
wage-worker is the well-being of the state. If 
they are well off, then we need concern ourselves 
but little as to how other classes stand, for they 
will inevitably be well off too; and, on the other 
hand, there can be no real general prosperity 

108 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

unless based on the foundation of the prosperity 
of the wage-worker and the tiller of the soil. 

But the needs of these two classes are often 
not the same. The tiller of the soil has been of 
all our citizens the one on the whole the least 
afifected in his waj^s of life and methods of in- 
dustry by the giant industrial changes of the last 
half century. There has been change with him, 
too, of course. He also can work to best ad- 
vantage if he keeps in close touch with his fel- 
lows; and the success of the national Depart- 
ment of Agriculture has shown how much can 
be done for him by rational action of the Gov- 
ernment. Nor is it only through the Depart- 
ment that the Government can act. One of the 
greatest and most beneficent measures passed by 
the last Congress, or indeed by any Congress in 
recent years, is the Irrigation Act, which will 
do for the States of the Great Plains and the 
Rocky Mountain region at least as much as 
ever has been done for the States of the humid 
region by river and harbor improvements. Few 

109 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

measures that have been put upon the statute 
books of the Nation have done more for the 
people than this law will, I firmly believe, 
directly and indirectly accomplish for the States 
in question. 

The Department of Agriculture devotes its 
whole energy to working for the welfare of 
farmers and stock growers. In every section of 
our country it aids them in their constantly in- 
creasing search for a better agricultural educa- 
tion. It helps not only them, but all the Nation, 
in seeing that our exports of meats have clean 
bills of health, and that there is rigid inspection 
of all meats that enter into interstate commerce. 
Thirty-eight million carcasses were inspected 
during the last fiscal year. Our stock growers 
sell forty-five million dollars' worth of live stock 
annually, and these animals must be kept healthy 
or else our people will lose their trade. Our ex- 
port of plant products to foreign countries 
amounts to over six hundred million dollars a 
year, and there is no branch of its work to which 

110 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

the Department of Agriculture devotes more 
care. Thus the Department has been success- 
fully introducing a macaroni wheat from the 
headwaters of the Volga, which grows success- 
fully in ten inches of rainfall, and by this means 
wheat growing has been successfully extended 
westward into the semiarid region. Two mil- 
lion bushels of this wheat were grown last year); 
and being suited to dry conditions it can be used 
for forage as well as for food for man. 

The Department of Agriculture has been 
helping our fruit men to establish markets 
abroad by studying methods of fruit preserva- 
tion through refrigeration and through meth- 
ods of handling and packing. On the Gulf 
coasts of Louisiana and Texas, thaaks to the 
Department of Agriculture, a rice suitable to 
the region was imported from the Orient and 
the rice crop is now practically equal to our 
needs in this country, whereas a few years ago 
it supplied but one-fourth of them. The most 

important of our farm products is the grass 

111 



ROOSEVELT AMONG. THE PEOPLE 



crop; and to show what has been done with 
grasses, I need only allude to the striking change 
made in the entire West by the extended use of 
alfalfa. 

Moreover, the Department has taken the lead 
in the effort to prevent the deforestation of the 
country. Where there are forests we seek to 
preserve them; and on the once treeless plains 
and the prairies we are doing our best to foster 
the habit of tree planting among our people. 
In my own lifetime I have seen wonderful 
changes brought about by this tree planting 
here in your own State and in the States im- 
mediately around it. 

There are a number of very important ques- 
tions, such as that of good roads, with which the 
States alone can deal, and where all that the 
National Government can do is to cooperate 
with them. The same is true of the education 
of the American farmer. A number of the 
States have themselves started to help in this 
work and the Department of Agriculture does 



112 




P'rom SUTeogia])h, (_op.\ riglil 1>.\- riulirwimil & rnderwoud, N. Y. 



IN KANSAS 

'Capacity for work is absolutely necessary and no man can be said to live in the 
true sense of the word if he does not work." 




Copyright by I'liderwcxKl & rndorwood, N. Y. 



TAKING POT LUCK WITH THE BOYS 
President Roosevelt enjoying a Cowboy's Breakfast at Hugo, Colorado. 



'.l£_rfagj^M^'^ 


H*,.— 4^:| »^ l:.; 


^"'i'l -J J J J^J 


B 




^ 












^ ^ 




^ SP /Bm 


V1 

1^ 




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Oopyrigl.t by Uiulerwood & Un<ler\voo(l, N. Y. 

IN DENVER 
"It seemed as if the entire population of 1 75,000 was massed along the streets." 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

an immense amount which is in the proper sense 
of the word educational, and educational in the 
most practical way. 

It is therefore clearly true that a great ad- 
vance has been made in the direction of finding 
ways by which the Government can help the 
farmer to help himself — the only kind of help 
which a self-respecting man will accept, or, I 
may add, which will in the end do him any good. 
Much has been done in these ways, and farm life 
and farm processes continually change for the 
better. The farmer himself still retains, because 
of his suroundings and the nature of his work, 
to a preeminent degree the qualities which we 
like to think of as distinctly American in con- 
sidering our early history. The man who tills 
his own farm, whether on the prairie or in the 
woodland, the man who grows what we eat and 
the raw material which is worked up into what 
we wear, still exists more nearly under the con- 
ditions which obtained when the "embattled 



117 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

farmers" of '76 made this country a Nation than 
is true of any others of our people. 

But the wage-workers in our cities, like the 
capitalists in our cities, face totally changed con- 
ditions. The development of machinery and the 
extraordinary change in business conditions have 
rendered the employment of capital and of per- 
sons in large aggregations not merely profitable 
but often necessary for success, and have spe- 
cialized the labor of the wage-worker at the 
same time that they have brought great aggre- 
gations of wage-workers together. More and 
more in our great industrial centers men have 
come to realize that they can not live as inde- 
pendently of one another as in the old days was 
the case everywhere, and as is now the case in 
the country districts. 

Of course, fundamentally each man will yet 
find that the chief factor in determining his suc- 
cess or failure in life is the sum of his own in- 
dividual qualities. He can not afiford to lose 

his individual initiative, his individual will and 

118 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

power, but he can best use that power if for cer- 
tain objects he unites with his fellows. Much 
can be done by organization, combination, union 
among the wage-workers; finally something can 
be done by the direct action of the state. It is 
not possible empirically to declare when the in- 
terference of the state should be deemed legit- 
imate and when illegitimate. 

The line of demarcation between unhealthy 
overinterference and unhealthy lack of regula- 
tion is not always well defined, and shifts with the 
change in our industrial needs. Most certainly 
we should never invoke the interference of the 
State or Nation unless it is absolutely necessary; 
but it is equally true that when confident of its 
necessity we should not on academic grounds re- 
fuse it. Wise factory laws, laws to forbid the em- 
ployment of child labor and to safeguard the 
employees against the effects of culpable negli- 
gence by the employer, are necessary, not merely 
in the interest of the wage-worker, but in the 
interest of the honest and humane employer, who 

119 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



should not be penalized for his honesty and hu- 
manity by being exposed to unchecked competi- 
tion with an unscrupulous rival. It is far more 
difficult to deal with the greed that works 
through cunning than with the greed that works 
through violence. But the effort to deal with 
it must be steadily made. 

Very much of our efifort in reference to labor 
matters should be by every device and expedient 
to try to secure a constantly better understanding 
between employer and employee. Everything 
possible should be done to increase the sym- 
pathy and fellow-feeling bet\veen them, and 
every chance taken to allow each to look at all 
questions, especially at questions in dispute, 
somewhat through the other's eyes. If met with 
a sincere desire to act fairly by one another, and 
if there is, furthermore, power by each to ap- 
preciate the other's standpoint, the chance for 
trouble is minimized. I suppose every thinking 
man rejoices when by mediation or arbitration 
it proves possible to settle troubles in time to 

120 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

avert the suffering and bitterness caused by 
strikes. Moreover, a conciliation committee 
can do best work when the trouble is in its be- 
ginning, or at least has not come to a head. 
When the break has actually occurred, damage 
has been done, and each side feels sore and an- 
gry; and it is difficult to get them together — 
difficult to make either forget its own wrongs 
and remember the rights of the other. If pos- 
sible the effort at conciliation or mediation or 
arbitration should be made in the earlier stages, 
and should be marked by the wish on the part 
of both sides to try to come to a common agree- 
ment which each shall think in the interests of 
the other as well as of itself. 

When we deal with such a subject we 
are fortunate in having before us an admira- 
ble object lesson in the work that has just been 
closed by the Anthracite Coal Strike Commis- 
sion. This was the Commission which was ap- 
pointed last fall at the time when the coal strike 
in the anthracite regions threatened our Nation 

121 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

with a disaster second to none which has befallen 
us since the days of the Civil War. Their re- 
port was made just before the Senate adjourned 
at the special session; and no Government docu- 
ment of recent years marks a more important 
piece of work better done, and there is none 
which teaches sounder social morality to our 
people. The Commission consisted of seven as 
good men as were to be found in the country, rep- 
resenting the bench, the church, the army, the 
professions, the employers, and the employed. 
They acted as a unit, and the report which they 
unanimously signed is a masterpiece of sound 
common sense and of sound doctrine on the very 
questions with which our people should most 
deeply concern themselves. The immediate ef- 
fect of this Commission's appointment and ac- 
tion was of vast and incalculable benefit to the 
Nation; but the ultimate effect will be even 
better, if capitalist, wage-worker, and lawmaker 
alike will take to heart and act upon the lessons 
set forth in the report they have made. 

122 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Of course the National Government has but 
a small field in which it can work in labor mat- 
ters. Something it can do, however, and that 
something ought to be done. Among other 
things I should like to see the District of Co- 
lumbia, which is completely under the control 
of the National Government, receive a set of 
model labor laws. Washington is not a city of 
very large industries, but still it has some. Wise 
labor legislation for the city of Washington 
would be a good thing in itself, and it would be 
a far better thing, because a standard would 
thereby be set for the country as a whole. 

In the field of general legislation relating to 
these subjects the action of Congress is neces- 
sarily very limited. Still there are certain ways 
in which we can act. Thus the Secretary of the 
Navy has recommended, with my cordial and 
hearty approval, the enactment of a strong em- 
ployer's-liability law in the navy yards of the 
Nation. It should be extended to similar 
branches of the Government work. Again, 

123 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

sometimes such laws can be enacted as an inci- 
dent to the Nation's control over interstate com- 
merce. In my last annual message to Congress 
I advocated the passage of a law in reference 
to car couplings — to strengthen the features of 
the one already on the statute-books so as to 
minimize the exposure to death and maiming of 
railway employees. Much opposition had to be 
overcome. In the end an admirable law was 
passed "to promote the safety of employees and 
travelers upon railroads by compelling common 
carriers engaged in interstate commerce to equip 
their cars with automatic couplers and continu- 
ous brakes and their locomotives with driving- 
wheel brakes." This law received my signature 
a couple of days before Congress adjourned. 
It represents a real and substantial advance in 
an admirable kind of legislation. 



124 




Coi.yrislit I'.v riiderwocid & Liiilerwuud, X. Y. 

AT DENVER. COLORADO 

"Any man who tries to excite class hatred, sectional hate, hate of Creeds, any 

kind of hatred, in our community, though he may effect to do it 

in the interest of the class he is addressing, is 

that class's own worst enemy." 




Copyright by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y. 

AT DENVER, COLORADO 

Mrs. Helen M. Caspar on behalf of the Daughters of the American Revolution 
presenting President Roosevelt with a beautiful Silk Flag. 



CHAPTER V. 

SIOUX FALLS TO FARGO. 

Leaving Sioux Falls at 9 130 a. m., the train 
reached Yankton at 1 1 130 a. m., and here the 
President made a brief speech, in which he said : 

"You need wise laws. See that you get them. 
You need wise and firm administration of laws; 
see that you have that. But do not make the 
mistake of shirking fundamental responsibil- 
ities. As individuals, be strong, honest and 
fearless." 

In traversing the state the President made 
a short speech at every stopping point, being 
accorded a cordial welcome at all points. One 
feature was the large number of children in the 
audiences, and the President refered to them sev- 
eral times, saying that he was glad to see that the 
stock was not dying out. At Mitchell he dis- 
cussed the work of individuals and the important 
part they play in the upbuilding of the nation. 

127 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

The train reached Fargo, N. D., via the 
Northern Pacific Railroad, early on the morn- 
'ing of April 7, and at 8 130 the reception com- 
mittee waited on the President and escorted him 
to the business portion of the city. Several thou- 
sand children greeted him. He spoke from a 
stand in front of the Waldorf Hotel, an im- 
mense and enthusiastic body of citizens being 
present. His speech was about The Philippine 
Islands and the Army, which follows: 

ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AT FARGO, 
NORTH DAKOTA, APRIL 7, 1903 — THE PHILIP- 
PINE ISLANDS AND THE ARMY. 
My Fellow-Citizens: 

The Northwest, whose sons in the Civil War 
added such brilliant pages to the honor roll of 
the Republic, likewise bore a full share in the 
struggle of which the war with Spain was the 
beginning, a struggle slight indeed when com- 
pared with the gigantic death wrestle which for 
four years stamped to and fro across the South- 

128 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

em States in the Civil War; but a struggle 
fraught with consequences to the Nation, and 
indeed to the world, out of all proportion to the 
smallness of the effort upon our part. 

Three and a half years ago President McKin- 
ley spoke in the adjoining State of Minnesota 
on the occasion of the return of the Thirteenth 
Minnesota Volunteers from the Philippine 
Islands, where they had served with your own 
gallant sons of the North Dakota regiment. Af- 
ter heartily thanking the returned soldiers for 
their valor and patriotism, and their contemp- 
tuous refusal to be daunted or misled by the out- 
cry raised at home by the men of little faith who 
wished us to abandon the islands, he spoke of the 
islands themselves as follows: 

"That Congress will provide for them a gov- 
ernment which will bring them blessings, which 
will promote their material interests as well as 
advance their people in the path of civilization 
and intelligence, I confidently believe. They 
will not be governed as vassals or serfs or slaves. 

129 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

They will be given a government of liberty, reg- 
ulated by law, honestly administered, without 
oppressing exactions, taxation without tyranny, 
justice without bribe, education without distinc- 
tion of social condition, freedom of religious 
worship, and protection in life, liberty, and the 
pursuit of happiness.' " 

What he said then lay in the realm of promise. 
Now it lies in the realm of positive performance. 

It is a good thing to look back upon what has 
been said and compare it with the record of 
what has actually been done. If promises are 
violated, if plighted word is not kept, then those 
who have failed in their duty should be held 
up to reprobation. If, on the other hand, the 
promises have been substantially made good; 
if the achievement has kept pace and more than 
kept pace with the prophesy, then they who 
made the one and are responsible for the other 
are entitled to just right to claim the credit 
which attaches to those who serve the Nation 
well. This credit I claim for the men who 

130 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

have managed so admirably the military and the 
civil affairs of the Philippine Islands and for 
those other men who have so heartily backed 
them in Congress, and without whose aid and 
support not one thing could have been accom- 
plished. 

When President McKinley spoke, the first 
duty was the restoration of order; and to this 
end the use of the Army of the United States — 
an Army composed of regulars and volunteers 
alike — ^was necessary. To put down the insur- 
rection and restore peace to the islands was a 
duty not only to ourselves but to the islanders 
also. We could not have abandoned the con- 
flict without shirking this duty, without proving 
ourselves recreants to the memory of our fore- 
fathers. Moreover, if we had abandoned it we 
would have inflicted upon the Filipinos the 
most cruel wrong and would have doomed them 
to a bloody jumble of anarchy and tyranny. It 
seems strange, looking back, that any of our peo- 
ple should have failed to recognize a duty so 

131 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



obvious; but there was such failure, and the 
Government at home, the civil authorities in the 
Philippines, and above all our gallant Army, 
had to do their work amid a storm of detraction. 
The Army in especial was attacked in a way 
which finally did good, for in the end it aroused 
the hearty resentment of the great body of the 
American people, not against the Army, but 
against the Army's traducers. The circum- 
stances of the war made it one of peculiar diffi- 
culty, and our soldiers were exposed to peculiar 
wrongs from their foes. They fought in dense 
tropical jungles against enemies who were very 
treacherous and very cruel, not only toward our 
own men, but toward the great numbers of 
friendly natives, the most peaceable and most 
civilized among whom eagerly welcomed our 
rule. Under such circumstances, among a hun- 
dred thousand hot-blooded and powerful young 
men serving in small detachments on the other 
side of the globe, it was impossible that occa- 
sional instances of wrongdoing should not oc- 

132 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

cur. The fact that they occurred in retaliation 
for well-nigh intolerable provocation can not 
for one moment be admitted in the way of ex- 
cuse or justification. All good Americans re- 
gret and deplore them, and the War Depart- 
ment has taken every step in its power to punish 
the offenders and to prevent or minimize the 
chance of repetition of the offense. But these 
offenses were the exception and not the rule. 
As a whole our troops showed not only signal 
courage and efficiency, but great humanity and 
the most sincere desire to promote the welfare 
and liberties of the islanders. In a series of ex- 
ceedingly harassing and difficult campaigns 
they completely overthrew the enemy, reducing 
them finally to a condition of mere brigandage; 
and wherever they conquered, they conquered 
only to make way for the rule of tlie civil gov- 
ernment, for the introduction of law, and of lib- 
erty under the law. When, b|^ last July, the last 
vestige of organized insurrection had disap- 
peared, peace and amnesty were proclaimed. 

133 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

As rapidly as the military rule was extended 
over the islands by the defeat of the insurgents, 
just so rapidly was it replaced by the civil gov- 
ernment. At the present time the civil gov- 
ernment is supreme and the army in the Philip- 
pines has been reduced until it is sufficient 
merely to provide against the recurrence of trou- 
ble. In Governor Taft and his associates we 
sent to the Filipinos as upright, as conscientious, 
and as able a group of administrators as ever 
any country has been blessed with having. With 
them and under them we have associated the best 
men among the Filipinos, so that the great ma- 
jority of the officials, including many of the 
highest rank, are themselves natives of the 
islands. The administration is incorruptibly 
honest; justice is as jealously safeguarded as here 
at home. The government is conducted purely 
in the interests of the people of the islands; they 
are protected in their religious and civil rights; 
they have been given an excellent and well ad- 
ministered school system, and each of them now 

134 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

enjoys rights to "life, liberty, and the pursuit 
of happiness" such as were never before known 
in all the history of the islands. 

The Congress which has just adjourned has 
passed legislation of high importance and great 
wisdom in the interests of the Filipino people. 
First and foremost, they conferred upon them 
by law the present admirable civil government; 
in addition they gave them an excellent cur- 
rency; they passed a measure allowing the or- 
ganization of a native constabulary; and they 
provided, in the interests of the islands, for a 
reduction of twenty-five per cent in the tariff 
on Filipino articles brought to this country. I 
asked that a still further reduction should be 
made. It was not granted by the last Congress, 
but I think that in some shape it will be granted 
by the next. And even without it, the record 
of legislation in the interests of the Filipinos is 
one with which we have a right to feel great 
satisfaction. 

Moreover, Congress appropriated three mil- 

135 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

lion dollars, following the precedent it set when 
the people of Porto Rico were afflicted by sud- 
den disaster, this money to be used by the Phil- 
ippine government in order to meet the distress 
occasioned primarily by the terrible cattle dis- 
ease which almost annihilated the carabao or 
water-buffalo, the chief and most important 
domestic animal in the islands. Coming as this 
disaster did upon the heels of the havoc wrought 
by the insurrectionary war great suffering has 
been caused; and this misery for which this 
Government is in no way responsible will doubt- 
less in turn increase the difficulties of the Philip- 
pine government for the next year or so. In 
consequence there will doubtless here and there 
occur sporadic increases of the armed brigand- 
age to which the islands have been habituated 
from time immemorial, and here and there for 
their own purposes the bandits may choose to 
style themselves patriots or insurrectionists; but 
these local difficulties will be of little conse- 
quence save as they give occasion to a few men 

136 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

here at home again to try to mislead our people. 
Not only has the military problem in the Phil- 
ippines been worked out quicker and better than 
we had dared expect, but the progress socially 
and in civil government has likewise exceeded 
our fondest hopes. 

Remember always that in the Philippines the 
American Government has tried and is trying 
to carry out exactly what the greatest genius and 
most revered patriot ever known in the Philip- 
pine Islands — Jose Rizal — steadfastly advo- 
cated. This man, shortly before his death, in 
a message to his countrymen, under date of De- 
cember i6, 1896, condemned unsparingly the 
insurrection of Aguinaldo, terminated just be- 
fore our navy appeared upon the scene, and 
pointed out the path his people should follow 
to liberty and enlightenment. Speaking of the 
insurrection and of the pretense that Filipino 
independence of a wholesome character could 
thereby be obtained, he wrote: 

"When, in spite of my advice, a movement 

137 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

was begun, I offered, of my own accord, not only 
my services, but my life and even my good name 
to be used in any way they might believe effect- 
ive in stifling the rebellion. I thought of the 
disaster which would follow the success of the 
revolution, and I deemed myself fortunate if by 
any sacrifice I could block the progress of such 
a useless calamity. 

"My countrymen, I have given proof that I 
was one who sought liberty for our country and 
I still seek it. But as a first step I insisted upon 
the development of the people in order that, by 
means of education and of labor, they might ac- 
quire the proper individual character and force 
which would make them worthy of it. In my 
writings I have commended to you study and 
civic virtue, without which our redemption does 
not exist. * * * I can not do less than con- 
demn, and I do condemn, this absurd and savage 
insurrection planned behind my back, which dis- 
honors us before the Filipinos and discredits us 
with those who otherwise would argue in our 

138 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

behalf. I abominate its cruelties and disavow 
any kind of connection with it, regretting with 
all the sorrow of my soul that these reckless men 
have allowed themselves to be deceived. Let 
them return, then, to their homes, and may God 
pardon those who have acted in bad faith." 

This message embodied precisely and exactly 
the avowed policy upon which the American 
Government has acted in the Philippines. What 
the patriot Rizal said with such force in speak- 
ing of the insurrection before we came to the 
islands applies with tenfold greater force to those 
who foolishly or wickedly opposed the mild and 
beneficent government we were instituting in 
the islands. The judgment of the martyred pub- 
lic servant, Rizal, whose birthday the Philip- 
pine people celebrate, and whom they wor- 
ship as their hero and ideal, sets forth the duty 
of American sovereignty; a duty from which 
the American people will never flinch. 

While we have been doing these great and 
beneficent works in the islands, we have yet been 

139 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

steadily reducing the cost at which they are 
done. The last Congress repealed the law for 
the war taxes, and the War Department has re- 
duced the Army from the maximum number of 
one hundred thousand allowed under the law to 
very nearly the minimum of sixty thousand. 

Moreover, the last Congress enacted some ad- 
mirable legislation afifecting the Army, passing 
first of all the militia bill and then the bill to 
create a general staff. The militia bill represents 
the realization of a reform which had been 
championed ineffectively by Washington, and 
had been fruitlessly agitated ever since. At last 
we have taken from the statute books the obso- 
lete militia law of the Revolutionary days and 
have provided for efficient aid to the national 
guard of the States. I believe that no other 
great country has such fine natural material for 
volunteer soldiers as we have, and it is the obvi- 
ous duty of the Nation and of the States to make 
such provision as will enable this volunteer sol- 
diery to be organized with all possible rapid- 

140 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

ity and efficiency in time of war; and, further- 
more, to help in every way the national guard in 
time of peace. The militia law enacted by the 
Congress marks the first long step ever taken 
in this direction by the National Government. 
The general-staff law is of immense importance 
and benefit to the Regular Army. Individually, 
I would not admit that the American regular, 
either officer or enlisted man, is inferior to any 
other regular soldier in the world. In fact, if 
it were worth while to boast, I should be tempted 
to say that he was the best. But there must be 
proper training, proper organization and ad- 
ministration, in order to get the best service out 
of even the best troops. This is particularly the 
case with such a small army as ours, scattered 
over so vast a country. We do not need a large 
Regular Army, but we do need to have our small 
Regular Army the very best that can possibly be 
produced. Under the worn-out and ineffective 
organization which has hitherto existed, a sud- 
den strain is absolutely certain to produce the 

141 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



dislocation and confusion we saw at the out- 
break of the war with Spain; and when such dis- 
location and confusion occurs it is easy and nat- 
ural, but entirely improper, to blame the men 
who happen to be in office, instead of the system 
which is really responsible. Under the law just 
enacted by Congress this system will be changed 
immensely for the better, and every patriotic 
American ought to rejoice; for when we come 
to the Army and the Navy we deal with the 
honor and interests of all our people; and when 
such is the case party lines are as nothing, and 
we all stand shoulder to shoulder as Americans, 
moved only by pride in and love for our com- 
mon country. 



142 




Cnliyrip-ht l>.v riiderwood & T'lulefwnod. N. Y. 

AT SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO 
Presidsnt Roosevelt and Governor Otero. 




From Stereograph, cop>right by I'mlerwood & Underwood, N. Y. 

THE PRESIDENT IN NEW MEXICO 

At Albuquerque, President Roosevelt made a speech dwelling mostly on the 
importance of irrigation in the development of the state. 



CHAPTER VI. 

FARGO TO ST. LOUIS. 
The train left Fargo at lo a. m., and during 
the day the President traveled through familiar 
country, receiving hearty greetings wherever a 
stop was made. At many places he recognized 
old friends. At Jamestown and Bismarck short 
speeches were made on the Philippines, the 
tariff and general prosperity. Stops were also 
made at Casselton, Power, Valley City and Me- 
dora. At Bismarck the President was intro- 
duced to a number of Indian chiefs, some of 
whom had fought against Custer. They pre- 
sented him with with an address and a pipe of 
peace. At Medora, where the President at one 
time owned a ranch and which was his postoffice 
address sixteen years ago, when he was sheriff 
of Billings County, the ranchmen from the sur- 
rounding country gave him a truly Western re- 
ception. 

145 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

The entrance to Yellowstone Park was reached 
at 12:30 p. m., April 8, the President being met 
by a detachment of the Third Cavalry and a 
number of cowboys. He remained in the Park 
until the afternoon of April 24. 

The President's camp was composed of two 
Sibley tents and one wall tent without board 
floors, and, while everything was very simple, it 
was very comfortable. The party that accom- 
panied him consisted of Major Pitcher, Mr. 
John Burroughs, two orderlies and two cooks, 
with a small force of men to look after the pack 
wagon. The first three days the weather was ex- 
tremely cold. Major Pitcher kept a diary, and 
the following extracts from it will show how 
the President spent his time. 

April 9. Left the post (Fort Yellowstone) at 
9 a. m., and arrived at the camp on the Yellow- 
stone River about 1 130 p. m. At night a large 
camp fire was started near the President's tent 
and after dinner the party sat around it and told 
hunting stories until bedtime. This was almost 
a nightly performance. 

14G 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

April lo. Before starting out, the President 
announced that he would under no circumstances 
fire a shot in the park, even if tempted to do so 
by a mountain lion up a tree, lest he should give 
people ground for criticism. Rode up the river 
as far as Hell Roaring. Saw a number of deer 
and elk and also saw an eagle attack a band of 
elk. Had lunch on Hell Roaring Creek, consist- 
ing of hardtack and sardines. 

April II. Rode about twenty-four miles and 
got in among a band of nearly 2,000 elk. One 
band followed the party for over a mile. 

April 12. As this was Sunday, the President 
decided that he would take a walk alone. He 
tramped about twenty miles and spent the time 
among the elk. 

April 13. Started for camp on Slew Creek. 
Rode slowly and watched the game. Much 
snow was encountered, and Slew Creek was en- 
tirely frozen over, so could do no fishing. 

April 14. Out looking for game. Found 
large herd of elk and the President took Mr. 

147 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Burroughs among them. Arrived Tower Creek 
Falls Camp, 4 p. m. 

April 15. President took long walk alone and 
saw some mountain sheep. 

April 16. Broke camp at Tower Falls and 
returned to Fort Yellowstone. Much game was 
encountered. 

April 17. Left Fort Yellowstone for Norris 
Basin. At Modern Gate the horses were aban- 
doned for sleighs and, and though the snow was 
four or five feet deep, the trip was made without 
trouble. Stopped for the night at Norris Hotel. 

April 18. Breakfast at 6 o'clock and made a 
start for the fountain twenty miles distant. Ar- 
rived there at i p. m. Snow w^as very deep, but 
hard enough to bear the party. President spent 
afternoon among the geysers. 

April 19. Sunday. Visited Upper Geyser 
basin and saw Old Faithful play. 

April 20. Rode to Norris. 

April 21. Started for Canon at 7 o'clock, 
a. m. Snow very deep and soft in places, but got 

148 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

through with little difficulty. Visited Canon on 
skis. President showed skill on snow shoes, and 
Mr. Burroughs proved himself an apt scholar. 

April 22. Breakfast 4 a. m. Left at 5 a. m., 
for Fort Yellowstone, which was reached at i 
p. m. 

The 22d was spenC at the Mammoth Hot 
Springs, where the President held a reception to 
meet the people living in Yellowstone Park and 
the vicinity. 

He left the Park the morning of the 24th, 
and, at Gardiner, on the northern border, par- 
ticipated in the laying of the cornerstone of the 
gate at the entrance to the park. The arch 
is to be from thirty to fifty feet high, and the 
gate made of the native blocks of lava taken from 
the mountains. Special trains brought hundreds 
of people. In a brief address the President said : 

"The Yellowstone Park is something abso- 
lutely unique in this world, as far as I know. 
Nowhere else in any civilized country is there 
to be found such a tract of veritable wonderland, 

149 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

made accessible to all visitors, where, at the same 
time, not only the scenery of the wilderness, but 
the wild creatures of the park are scrupulously 
preserved as they were, the only change being 
that these same wild creatures have been so care- 
fully protected as to show literally astounding 
tameness. The creation and preservation of such 
a natural playground in the midst of our people, 
as a whole, is a credit to the nation, but above all 
a credit to Montana, Wyoming and Idaho. It 
has been preserved with wise foresight. The 
scheme of its preservation is noteworthy in its 
essential democracy. This park was created, 
and is now administered, for the benefit and en- 
joyment of the people. The government must 
continue to appropriate for it, and especially in 
the direction of completing and perfecting an 
excellent system of driveways. The only way 
that the people as a whole can assure to them- 
selves and their children the enjoyment in per- 
petuity of what the Yellowstone Park has to 
give, is by assuming the ownership in the name 

150 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

of the nation and by jealously safeguarding and 
preserving the scenery, the forests, and the 
creatures. At present it is rather singular that 
a greater number of people come from Europe 
than from our own eastern states to see it. The 
people near by seem to awake to its beauties, and 
I hope that more and more of our people who 
dwell far off will appreciate its really marvelous 
character. 

"The preservation of the forest is, of course, 
the matter of prime importance in every public 
preserve of this character. In this region of the 
Rocky Mountains and the great plains, the 
problem of the water supply is the most impor- 
tant part of the home-maker's office. Congress 
has not of recent years done anything more im- 
portant than passing the Irrigation Bill, and 
nothing more essential to the preservation of the 
water supply than in the preservation of the for- 
ests. Montana has in its water power a source 
of development which has hardly been touched. 
This water power will be seriously impaired if 

151 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

ample protection is not given to the forests. 
Therefore, this park, like the forest reserves 
generally, is of the utmost advantage to the 
country around, from the mere utilitarian side. 
But this park also, because of its peculiar fea- 
tures, is to be reserved as a beautiful play- 
ground." 

At the conclusion of the ceremonies, the Pres- 
ident's train left for Livingstone, where a short 
stop was made and an immense crowd greeted 
him. 

The 25th, the President completed a hard 
day with a fifteen-minute stop at Alliance, Ne- 
braska. He traveled in three states and made 
a number of addresses, both from the rear plat- 
form of his car and from stands erected for the 
purpose. The most unique demonstration was a 
"cowboys' show," at Edgemont, S. D. It was 
arranged by the Society of Black Hills' Pio- 
neers, and consisted of exhibitions of cowboy 
riding. Special trains brought a great number 
of people from the surrounding country, and all 

152 




From Stereograph, cop>Tight by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y. 



AT GRAND CANYON. ARIZONA 

President Roosevelt in speaking of the wonders of the Canyon, urged th« 

people of Arizona to preserve the grandeur and sublimity 

of this masterpiece of nature. 




Copyright l)y T'nilei-wdoil & I'liilcrwond. X. Y 

AT FLAGSTAFF, GRAND CANYON, ARIZONA 

'In your own interest, and in the interest of all the Country keep this wonder of 
nature (Grand Canyon) as it now is. 




Copyi'islit li.v IiHlcrwcHid A: mdorwudd, N. Y. 



ON GLACIER POINT, YOSEMITE VALLEY 

'This is the one day of my 1 fe, and one that I will always remennber with 
pleasure." 




From Stereograph, copyright by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y. 



THE PRESIDENT AND THE ENGINEER 

President Roosevelt has a great admiration for railroad men. Durinjf his trips 

he frequently rides in the engine and the above picture shows him 

about to step into the cab at Redlands, California. 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



were at the station with three bands of music, to 
greet the President. As the train drew in, the 
cowboys yelled, the bands played, and a salute 
was fired. The President made an address, in 
which he referred to the work accomplished by 
the early pioneers. 

"Honor to all good citizens," he said, "but 
honor most of all to the men, who, first in the 
world, marked out that earliest of highways, the 
spotted line, the blazed trail; the men who first, 
on horseback,, steered across the great, lonely 
plains, and drove their cattle up to feed upon the 
ranges from which the buffalo had not yet van- 
ished. The pioneer days have gone, but the need 
of the old pioneer virtues remain the same as 
ever. You won, and you could only win, because 
you had in you the stuff out of which strong men 
are made." 

At the end of the exercises, the cowboys 
formed an escort to the train, and, after it had 
started, they dashed along the side of the Presi- 
dent's car, and he shook hands with some cf them 
from the windows. 

157 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

At Newcastle, Wyo., where a half-hour's stop 
was made, the President was escorted to the 
speaker's stand along a pathway strewn with 
flowers and lined on one side by school children 
who waved miniature flags. In his speech the 
President referred to the irrigation law passed 
at the last session of Congress, and said he be- 
lieved much good would come from it, as the 
government would be able to try experiments 
from the results of which private capital may be 
able to learn much. 

Stops were also made at Gilette and Moor- 
craft, Wyoming, Ardmore, S. D., and Crawford, 
Neb. At the last named place the President 
was given a military welcome by the Tenth 
Cavalry, mounted. They met him with drawn 
sabres, and the regimental band played "Hail 
To The Chief." 

Sunday, the 26th, was quietly spent at Grand 
Island, Neb. The President attended St. Ste- 
phen's Episcopal Church in the morning, and, 
in the afternoon went horseback riding with Sen- 

158 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



ator Dietrich, visiting Taylor's sheep ranch and 
the Soldiers' Home, where he was greeted by 
the veterans. 

The 27th, before leaving Grand Island, the 
President broke the ground on which the new 
Carnegie library building is to stand. He was 
joined by Governor Mickey, who, with United 
States Senators Dietrich and Millard, accom- 
panied him through Nebraska. Stops were 
made at Hastings, Lincoln, Fremont, and a 
number of smaller towns. At Hastings the 
President spoke of the forestry situation in the 
State, saying that, as the people were protecting 
the original scanty forest, they now had a more 
and better natural forest than ever before. But, 
he said, the work should not stop; they should 
continue the planting of trees. During a short 
drive, the President spoke to the school children 
from his carriage. 

The arrival in Lincoln was announced by a 
chorus of factory whistles. At the signal, all the 
stores in town were closed and remained locked 

159 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

up until after the departure of the train. The 
escort included, besides survivors of the Civil 
War, the First Regiment, N. N. G., and cadet 
battalions from the University of Nebraska and 
the Nebraska Wesleyan University. All the 
schools and colleges in the city were closed. The 
capitol building, from the dome down, was a 
mass of red, white and blue bunting, and many 
business houses were also decorated. During his 
address, the President said: 

"Capitalist and wage-worker alike, should 
honestly endeavor each to look at any matter 
from the other's standpoint, with a freedom on 
the one hand from the contemptible arrogance 
which looks down upon the man of less means, 
and on the other, from the no less contemptible 
envy, jealousy and rancor which hates another 
because he is better off. Each quality is the com- 
plement of the other, the supplement of the other, 
and, in point of baseness, there is not the weight 
of the finger to choose between them. 

"Coming through the State today, I was re- 

160 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



joiced at your great prosperity. I rejoice in 
your fertile soil; I rejoice in the crops you raise, 
and, after all, the best product of the men and 
women: I was mighty glad to see your chil- 
dren ; they seemed to be all right in quality and 
quantity (Laughter) . I think you have a mighty 
good stock. I want to see it go on." 

Much preparation had been made in Omaha 
for the President's coming, and 50,000 people 
lined the streets on both sides for a mile and a 
half along the route of the carriage drive. The 
buildings were elaborately decorated with bunt- 
ing and flags. A reception committee met the 
President at the Union Depot. The military es- 
cort was a large one. The drive ended at the 
Omaha Club, where a banquet was given, covers 
being laid for ninety. After the banquet, the 
President was escorted to the Coliseum, where 
he was cheered by ten thousand people. In his 
speech, the President said: 

"Any man who tries to excite class hatred, sec- 
tional hate, hate of creeds, any kind of hatred. 



161 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

in our community, though he may affect to do it 
in the interest of the class he is addressing, is, in 
the long run, with absolute certainty, that class's 
own worst enemy. In the long run, and as a 
whole, we are going to go up or down together. 
Of course, there will be individual exceptions 
in place, but, as a whole, if the Commonwealth 
prospers, some measure of the prosperity comes 
to all of us. If it is not prosperity, then the ad- 
versity, though it may be unequally upon us, will 
weigh more or less upon all. It lies upon our- 
selves to determine our own fate. I cannot too 
often say that the wisest law, the best adminis- 
tration of the law, can do nothing more than give 
us a fair field in which to work out that fate 
aright. If, as individuals, or as a community, 
we mar our future by our own folly, let us re- 
member that it is upon ourselves that the respon- 
sibility must rest. 

"The able, fearless, unscrupulous man, who is 
not guided by the moral law, is a curse to be 
hunted down like the civic wild beast, and his 

162 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

ability, and his courage, whether in business or 
in politics or anywhere else, only serves to make 
him more dangerous and a greater curse. We 
must have courage, we must have honesty, but 
with them both, and guiding them both, we must 
have the saving grace of common sense." (Ap- 
plause.) 

The train left Omaha at 5 o'clock the morn- 
ing of April 28, and the day was spent in Iowa. 
The President was everywhere met by large and 
enthusiastic crowds. His speechmaking began 
at 7 o'clock in the morning at Shenandoah, and 
his last speech was delivered at Ottumwa at 8 
o'clock at night. He had as his guests. Governor 
Cummins and Secretary Shaw, and, for part of 
the day. Congressmen Hull and Hepburn. 

Brief stops were made at Shenandoah, Van 
Wert, Clarinda, Oceola, Oscaloosa, Sharpsburg, 
Ottumwa and Des Moines, at each of which the 
President made a short speech. One of the fea- 
tures of the day was the large number of school 
children that greeted him. At many places 

163 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

where the train did not stop, the little people 
were congregated on the station platforms, and 
waved small American flags. 

At Oscaloosa the new Young Men's Chris- 
tian Association building was dedicated by the 
President, who spoke of the good the Associa- 
tion was doing and of the necessity of and de- 
mands for moral and upright young men. 

One of the largest gatherings which welcomed 
the President since the trip began was waiting 
for him at Des Moines. He was taken for a long 
drive through the city, stopping for a moment 
to address the Mystic Shriners, who were hold- 
ing a convention. During the drive four 
mothers, each with a baby in her arms, ap- 
proached his carriage and handed him bouquets 
of flowers. Then they held up the babies to be 
kissed, and the President did not disappoint 
them. At the capitol he made an extended ad- 
dress on "Good Citizenship," incidentally pay- 
ing a tribute to Congressman Hull for his ef- 
forts in securing the new Militia Law. He was 

1G4 




•iiliyrisUt l).v riKUT\V("i(l & T'lidiTW 1. 

IN CALIFORNIA 



N. Y. 



"A Nation cannot be great without paying the price of greatness and only a 
craven Nation will object to paying the price. 




('npyiiiilit liy I'lidcrwn.Ml \- riKlcrwcmil, N. Y. 



FEAST OF FLOWERS, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 

A beautiful and attractive parade exoressing the floral wealth of California 
reviewed by President Roosevelt. 



ROOSEVELT AMO NG THE PEOPLE 

introduced to the people by the Hon. Lafayette 
Young, who made the speech at the Philadel- 
phia Convention nominating him for Vice Pres- 
ident. 

Keokuk, la., on the west bank of the Missis- 
sippi, was reached at 8 130 a. m., the 29th. Dur- 
ing the drive through the city, the main street 
being lavishly decorated with flags and banners 
and thronged with fully 30,000 people, the Pres- 
ident's carriage stopped at the monument to the 
Indian Chief Keokuk. He was presented with 
a miniature facsimile of the first American flag, 
as made by Betsy Ross. The banner was of silk 
with thirteen stars, and was the work of Mrs. 
Rachel Albright, of Fort Madison, la., 91 years 
old, and a great-granddaughter of Betsy Ross. 

A stop of 45 minutes was made at Quincy, 111., 
where the President was welcomed by a large 
number of people and delivered a short address 
on the question of currency. He said in part: 

"Our currency laws have been recently im- 
proved by specific declarations intended to se- 

167 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

cure permanency in values. But this does not 
imply that those laws may not be still further im- 
proved and strengthened. It is well nigh uni- 
versally admitted that our currency system is 
wanting in elasticity; that is, the volume does 
not respond to the varying needs of the country 
as a whole nor to the varying needs of different 
localities. Our people scarcely need to be re- 
minded that grain-raising communities require 
a larger volume of currency at harvest time than 
during the summer months. The same prin- 
ciple applies to every industry, to every commu- 
nity. Our currency laws need such modifica- 
tion as will insure the parity of every dollar 
coined or issued by the government, and such ex- 
pansion and contraction of our currency as will 
promptly and automatically respond to the vary- 
ing demands of commerce. Permanent in- 
creases would be dangerous, permanent con- 
traction ruinous; but the needed elasticity must 
be brought about by provisions which will per- 
mit both contraction and expansion as the vary- 

16S 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

ing needs of the several communities and busi- 
ness interests may require." 

The train stopped at Hannibal, Louisiana and 
Clarksville, Mo., for several minutes, and the 
President was greeted by immense numbers of 
adults and school children, the children waving 
miniature American flags. 

St. Louis was reached at 4 128 in the afternoon, 
the President having been accompanied from 
Keokuk by Governor Dockery, of Missouri. He 
was welcomed to the city by President Francis, 
of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, Mayor 
Wells, President Carter, of the National Com- 
mission, and a reception committee made up of 
World's Fair officials and military officers. The 
President was escorted by military companies to 
Odeon Hall, where the National Good Roads 
Convention was in session. People were con- 
gregated along the streets and cheered wildly as 
he passed. In his speech to the convention, the 
President said: 

"Roads tell the greatness of a nation. The in- 

169 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

fluence of the nations which have not been road 
builders has been evenescent. Rome, the most 
powerful of the older civilizations, left her im- 
press on literature and speech; she changed the 
boundaries of nations, but plainer than anything 
else left to remind us of the Roman civilization 
are the Roman roads. Merely from historic 
analogy, this country, which we believe will 
reach a position of leadership never equaled, 
should so act that posterity will justly say when 
speaking of us, 'That nation built good roads.' " 

He spoke of the benefits to the country dis- 
tricts of the trolley line, the telephone, and the 
rural free delivery, closing with the assertion 
that good roads would prove the greatest benefit 
of all. 

After leaving Odeon Hall, the President was 
driven to the St. Louis University, where he was 
received by Cardinal Gibbons, and then to the 
home of Mr. Francis, whose guest he was while 
he remained in the city. 

April 30, the buildings of the Louisiana Pur- 

170 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

chase Exposition were formally dedicated, the 
ceremonies taking place in the Liberal Arts 
Building. An immense parade of military and 
civic organizations was reviewed by the Presi- 
dent. 

The programme included addresses by the 
President, Ex-President Grover Cleveland, the 
French Ambassador, the Spanish Ambassador 
and others. 

The President discussed the Louisiana Pur- 
chase, speaking as follows: 

ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT UPON THE 
OCCASION OF THE OPENING OF THE 
LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION, 
ST. LOUIS, APRIL 30, 1903. 

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

At the outset of my address let me recall to the 
minds of my hearers that the soil upon which 
we stand, before it was ours, was successively 
the possession of two mighty empires, Spain and 
France, whose sons made a deathless record of 

171 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

heroism in the early annals of the New World. 
No history of the Western country can be writ- 
ten without paying heed to the wonderful part 
played therein in the early days by the soldiers, 
missionaries, explorers, and traders, who did 
their work for the honor of the proud banners 
of France and Castile. While the settlers of 
English-speaking stock, and those of Dutch, 
German, and Scandinavian origin who were as- 
sociated with them, were still clinging close to 
the Eastern seaboard, the pioneers of Spain and 
of France had penetrated deep into the hitherto 
unknown wilderness of the West and had wan- 
dered far and wide within the boundaries of 
what is now our mighty country. The very 
cities themselves — St. Louis, New Orleans, San- 
ta Fe, New Mexico — bear witness by their titles 
to the nationalities of their founders. It was not 
until the Revolution had begun that the English- 
speaking settlers pushed west across the Alle- 
ghenies, and not until a century ago that they 
entered in to possess the land upon which we 
now stand. 

172 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

We have met here to-day to commemorate the 
hundredth anniversary of the event which more 
than any other, after the foundation of the gov- 
ernment and always excepting its preservation, 
determined the character of our national life — 
determined that we should be a great expanding 
nation instead of relatively a small and station- 
ary one. 

Of course it was not with the Louisiana Pur- 
chase that our career of expansion began. In 
the middle of the Revolutionary War the Illi- 
nois region, including the present States of Illi- 
nois and Indiana, was added to our domain by 
force of arms, as a sequel to the adventurous ex- 
pedition of George Rogers Clark and his fron- 
tier riflemen. Later the treaties of Jay and 
Pinckney materially extended our real bounda- 
ries to the west. But none of these events was of 
so striking a character as to fix the popular im- 
agination. The old thirteen colonies had always 
claimed that their rights stretched westward to 
the Mississippi, and vague and unreal though 

173 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



these claims were until made good by conquest, 
settlement, and diplomacy, they still served to 
give the impression that the earliest westward 
movements of our people were little more than 
the filling in of already existing national boun- 
daries. 

But there could be no illusion about the ac- 
quisition of the vast territory beyond the Missis- 
sippi, stretching westward to the Pacific, which 
in that day was known as Louisiana. This im- 
mense region was admittedly the territory of a 
foreign power, of a European kingdom. None 
of our people had ever laid claim to a foot of it. 
Its acquisition could in no sense be treated as 
rounding out any existing claims. When we ac- 
quired it we made evident once for all that con- 
sciously and of set purpose we had embarked on 
a career of expansion, that we had taken our 
place among those daring and hardy nations who 
risk much with the hope and desire of winning 
high position among the great powers of the 
earth. As is so often the case in nature, the law 



174 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



of development of a living organism showed 
itself in its actual workings to be wiser than the 
wisdom of the wisest. 

This work of expansion was by far the great- 
est work of our people during the years that in- 
tervened between the adoption of the Constitu- 
tion and the outbreak of the Civil War. There 
were other questions of real moment and im- 
portance, and there were many which at the 
time seemed such to those engaged in answering 
them; but the greatest feat of our forefathers of 
those generations was the deed of the men who, 
with pack train or wagon train, on horseback, on 
foot, or by boat upon the waters, pushed the 
frontier ever westward across the continent. 

Never before had the world seen the kind of 
national expansion which gave our people all 
that part of the American continent lying west 
of the thirteen original States; the greatest land- 
mark in which was the Louisiana Purchase. 
Our triumph in this process of expansion was 
indissolubly bound up with the success of our 



175 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

peculiar kind of federal government; and this 
success has been so complete that because of its 
very completeness we now^ sometimes fail to ap- 
preciate not only the all-importance but the tre- 
mendous difficulty of the problem with which 
our Nation was originally faced. 

When our forefathers joined to call into being 
this Nation, they undertook a task for which 
there was but little encouraging precedent. The 
development of civilization from the earliest 
period seemed to show the truth of two propo- 
sitions : In the first place, it had always proved 
exceedingly difficult to secure both freedom 
and strength in any government; and in the sec- 
ond place, it had always proved well-nigh im- 
possible for a nation to expand without either 
breaking up or becoming a centralized tyranny. 
With the success of our effort to combine a strong 
and efficient national union, able to put down 
disorder at home and to maintain our honor and 
interest abroad, I have not now to deal. This 
success was signal and all-important, but it was 

176 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

by no means unprecedented in the same sense 
that our type of expansion was unprecedented. 
The history of Rome and of Greece illustrates 
very well the two types of expansion which had 
taken place in ancient times, and which had been 
universally accepted as the only possible types 
up to the period when as a nation we ourselves 
began to take possession of this continent. The 
Grecian states performed remarkable feats of 
colonization, but each colony as soon as created 
became entirely independent of the mother state, 
and in after years was almost as apt to prove its 
enemy as its friend. Local self-government, lo- 
cal independence, was secured, but only by the 
absolute sacrifice of anything resembling nation- 
al unity. In consequence, the Greek world, for 
all its wonderful brilliancy and the extraordi- 
nary artistic, literary, and philosophical devel- 
opment which has made all mankind its debtors 
for the ages, was yet wholly unable to withstand 
a formidable foreign foe, save spasmodically. 
As soon as powerful, permanent empires arose 

177 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



on its outskirts, the Greek states in the neighbor- 
hood of such' empires fell under their sway. 
National power and greatness were completely 
sacrificed to local liberty. 

With Rome the exact opposite occurred. The 
imperial city rose to absolute dominion over all 
the peoples of Italy and then expanded her rule 
over the entire civilized world by a process 
which kept the nation strong and united, but 
gave no room whatever for local liberty and self- 
government. All other cities and countries 
were subject to Rome. In consequence this 
great and masterful race of warriors, rulers, 
road-builders, and administrators stamped their 
indelible impress upon all the after life of our 
race, and yet let an over-centralization eat out 
the vitals of their empire until it became an 
empty shell; so that when the barbarians came 
they destroyed only what had already become 
worthless to the world. 

The underlying viciousness of each type of 
expansion was plain enough and the remedy now 



178 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

seems simple enough. But when the fathers of 
the Republic first formulated the Constitution 
under which we live this remedy was untried 
and no one could foretell how it would work. 
They themselves began the experiment almost 
immediately by adding new States to the origi- 
nal Thirteen. Excellent people in the East 
viewed this initial expansion of the country with 
great alarm. Exactly as during the colonial pe- 
riod many good people in the mother-country 
thought it highly important that settlers should 
be kept out of the Ohio Valley in the interest of 
the fur companies, so after we had become a Na- 
tion many good people on the Atlantic Coast felt 
grave apprehension lest they might somehow be 
hurt by the westward growth of the Nation. 
These good people shook their heads over the 
formation of States in the fertile Ohio Valley 
which now forms part of the heart of our Na- 
tion; and they declared that the destruction of 
the Republic had been accomplished when 
through the Louisiana Purchase we acquired 

179 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

nearly half of what is now that same Republic's 
present territory. Nor was their feeling unnat- 
ural. Only the adventurous and the far-seeing 
can be expected heartily to welcome the proc- 
ess of expansion, for the nation that expands is 
a nation which is entering upon a great career, 
and with greatness there must of necessity come 
perils which daunt all save the most stout- 
hearted. 

We expanded by carving the wilderness into 
Territories and out of these Territories building 
new States when once they have received as per- 
manent settlers a sufficient number of our own 
people. Being a practical nation we have never 
tried to force on any section of our new territory 
an unsuitable form of government merely be- 
cause it was suitable for another section under 
different conditions. Of the territory covered 
by the Louisiana Purchase a portion was given 
statehood within a few years. Another portion 
has not been admitted to statehood, although 
doubtless it soon will be. In each case we 

180 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

showed the practical governmental genius of our 
race by devising methods suitable to meet the 
actual existing needs; not by insisting upon the 
application of some abstract shibboleth to all our 
new possessions alike, no matter how incongru- 
ous this application might sometimes be. 

Over by far the major part of the territory, 
however, our people spread in such numbers 
during the course of the nineteenth century that 
we were able to build up State after State, each 
with exactly the same complete local independ- 
ence in all matters affecting purely its own do- 
mestic interests as in any of the original thirteen 
States — each owing the same absolute fealty to 
the Union of all the States which each of the 
original thirteen States also owes — and finally 
each having the same proportional right to its 
share in shaping and directing the common pol- 
icy of the Union which is possessed by any other 
State, whether of the original Thirteen or not. 

This process now seems to us part of the nat- 
ural order of things, but it was wholly unknown 

isi 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

until our own people devised it. It seems to us 
a mere matter of course, a matter of elementary 
right and justice, that in the deliberations of the 
national representative bodies the representa- 
tives of a State which came into the Union but 
yesterday stand on a footing of exact and entire 
equality with those of the Commonwealths 
whose sons once signed the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence. But this way of looking at the mat- 
ter is purely modern, and in its origin purely 
American. When Washington during his Pres- 
idency saw new States come into the Union on a 
footing of complete equality with the old, every 
European nation which had colonies still admin- 
istered them as dependencies, and every other 
mother-country treated the colonist not as a self- 
governing equal but as a subject. 

The process which we began has since been 
followed by all the great peoples who were ca- 
pable both of expansion and of self-government, 
and now the world accepts it as the natural proc- 

. 182 




Ciipyi'iglit 'I.V I'lKierwiKxl iSc rndcrwuod, N. V. 



AT OLD GATE— SANTA BARBARA. CALIFORNIA 

President Roosevelt visited the Franciscan Fathers in this Old Mission and was 
keenly interested in it. 




r(>pyrisl;t liy rndfrwnd.l \- Tnilcrwnoil, N. Y. 
■ TSE DOT A BOTAY FOR HIM" 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

ess, as the rule; but a century and a quarter ago 
it was not merely exceptional; it was unknown. 
This, then, is the great historic significance of 
the movement of continental expansion in which 
the Louisiana Purchase was the most striking 
single achievement. It stands out in marked re- 
lief even among the feats of a nation of pioneers, 
a nation whose people have from the beginning 
been picked out by a process of natural selection 
from among the most enterprising individuals 
of the nations of western Europe. The acqui- 
sition of the territory is a credit to the broad and 
far-sighted statesmanship of the gieat statesmen 
to whom it was immediately due, and above all 
to the aggressive and masterful character of the 
hardy pioneer folk to whose restless energy these 
statesmen gave expression and direction, whom 
they followed rather than led. The history of 
the land comprised within the limits of the Pur- 
chase is an epitome of the entire history of our 
people. Within these limits we have gradually 
built up State after State until now they many 

185 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

times over surpass in wealth, in population, and 
in manj^-sided development, the original thirteen 
States as they were when their delegates met in 
the Continental Congress. The people of these 
States have shown themselves mighty in war 
with their fellow-man, and mighty in strength 
to tame the rugged wilderness. They could not 
thus have conquered the forest and the prairie, 
the mountain and the desert, had they not pos- 
sessed the great fighting virtues, the qualities 
which enables a people to overcome the forces 
of hostile men and hostile nature. On the other 
hand, they could not have used aright their con- 
quest had they not in addition possessed the qual- 
ities of self-mastery and self-restraint, the power 
of acting in combination with their fellows, the 
power of yielding obedience to the law and of 
building up an orderly civilization. Courage 
and hardihood are indespensable virtues in a 
people; but the people which possesses no others 
can never rise high in the scale either of power 
or of culture. Great people must have in addi- 

186 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



tion the governmental capacity which comes 
only when individuals fully recognize their du- 
ties to one another and to the whole body politic, 
and are able to join together in feats of construc- 
tive statesmanship and of honest and effective 
administration. 

The old pioneer days are gone, with their 
roughness and their hardship, their incredible 
toil and their wild half-savage romance. But 
the need for the pioneer virtues remains the same 
as ever. The peculiar frontier conditions have 
vanished; but the manliness and stalwart hardi- 
hood of the frontiersman can be given even freer 
scope under the conditions surrounding the com- 
plex industrialism of the present day. In this 
great region acquired for our people under the 
Presidency of Jefiferson, this region stretching 
from the Gulf to the Canadian border, from the 
Mississippi to the Rockies, the material and so- 
cial progress has been so vast that alike for weal 
and for woe its people now share the opportuni- 
ties and bear the burdens common to the entire 

187 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

civilized world. The problems before us are fun- 
damentally the same east and west of the Missis- 
sippi, in the new States and in the old, and ex- 
actly the same qualities are required for their 
successful solution. 

We meet here to-day to commemorate a great 
event, an event which marks an era in states- 
manship no less than in pioneering. It is fitting 
that we should pay our homage in words ; but wc 
must in honor make our words good by deeds. 
We have every right to take a just pride in the 
great deeds of our forefathers; but we show our- 
selves unworthy to be their descendants if we 
make what they did an excuse for our lying su- 
pine instead of an incentive to the effort to show 
ourselves by our acts worthy of them. In the 
administration of city, state, and nation, in the 
management of our home life and the conduct 
of our business and social relations we are bound 
to show certain high and fine qualities of char- 
acter under penalty of seeing the whole heart of 
our civilization eaten out while the body still 
lives. 

188 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



We justly pride ourselves on our marvelous 
material prosperity, and such prosperity must 
exist in order to establish a foundation upon 
which a higher life can be built; but unless we 
do in very fact build this higher life thereon, the 
material prosperity itself will go for but very 
little. Now, in 1903, in the altered conditions, 
we must meet the changed and changing prob- 
lems with the spirit shown by the men who in 
1803 and in the subsequent years gained, ex- 
plored, conquered and settled this vast territory, 
then a desert, now filled with thriving and pop- 
ulous States. 

The old days were great because the men who 
lived in them had mighty qualities; and we must 
make the new days great by showing these same 
qualities. We must insist upon courage and res- 
olution, upon hardihood, tenacity, and fertility 
in resource; we must insist upon the strong vir- 
ile virtues; and we must insist no less upon the 
virtues of self-restraint, self-mastery, regard for 
the rights of others; we must show our abhor- 



189 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



rence of cruelty, brutality, and corruption, in 
public and in private life alike. If we come 
short in any of these qualities we shall measur- 
ably fail ; and if, as I believe we surely shall, we 
develop these qualities in the future to an even 
greater degree than in the past, then in the cen- 
tury now beginning we shall make of this Re- 
public the freest and most orderly, the most just 
and most mighty, nation which has ever come 
forth from the womb of time. 



190 



CHAPTER VII. 

ST. LOUIS TO SAN FRANCISCO. 

During the evening the President visited the 
Music Hall, where a meeting w^as held under 
the auspices of the General Franz Siegel Monu- 
ment Association. He said a few words to ful- 
ly 3,000 people in appreciation of General Sie- 
gel and the cause for which he had fought. 

The President reached Kansas City at 9 a. m., 
May I, and spent five hours in the city. His re- 
ception was intensely enthusiastic, it being es- 
timated that fully 100,000 people were in the 
crowds. The schools were closed and business 
generally suspended. He passed first through 
the Pazo, a driveway a mile in length and lined 
by 20,000 school children, each of whom waved 
a small American flag. The convention hall, 
where the President made a speech, was beau- 
tifully decorated. The seating capacity, 18,000, 
was fully occupied. A feature was the greeting 



191 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



of sixty Harvard graduates, who gave the uni- 
versity yell, ending with the word "Roosevelt." 

Mayor Reed introduced the President, who 
said: "I do not usually say anything about our 
being a reunited country, because it is not nec- 
essary. Of course, we are a reunited country, 
and in every northern audience, whenever I see 
a group of men wearing the button of the Grand 
Army of the Republic, I am certain to find a 
group of men ready to cheer every allusion to 
the gallantry of the men who wore the gray." 

He discussed the question of good citizenship, 
saying, "In our complex relation of employe and 
employer, of one class with another class, of one 
section with another section, we can work out a 
really successful result only if those interested 
will get together and make an honest effort each 
to understand his neighbor's viewpoint, and then 
an honest effort each, while working for his own 
interests, to avoid working to the detriment of 
his neighbor." 

After an elaborate luncheon at the Baltimore 

192 




(.•oi.yri^'ht liy IridciwuMd & rii.lcr\v(M,.l, N. Y, 

TWO GIANTS 
Every American Citizen is proud of both. 




C(,p,vrii;iit l.y IimK-iu .i.mI i; IiHlcrwuiHl, X. X. 

IN CALIFORNIA 
The President and Party before the "Grizzley Giant" Big Tree of California 




rdpyrigiit '.y riiilcr\V"n(l i\: IiHln-w imhI. X. Y. 



IN CALIFORNIA 

Leaving Leland Stanford. Jr.. University after addressing the Faculty and 
Students. 




From Stereograph, eoiiyriyht hy riidnwcjod it Undei-wooa, N. Y. 



IN SAN- FRANCISCO 
"Remember that the shots that count in war are the ones that hit." 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



Hotel, where he was presented with a beauti- 
fully carved silver card encased in sealskin by 
the Commercial Club of Kansas City, Mo., the 
President was taken in charge by a committee 
of the Mercantile Club of Kansas City, Kas. He 
was presented with a large silk sunflower and 
accompanied, by President Brown of the Club, 
to a carriage decorated with sunflowers and 
flags. A company of the 4th U. S. Cavalry and 
a squad of mounted police acted as an escort to 
the state line. As the party passed beneath the 
bluffs overlooking the Union Depot, a Presiden- 
tial salute was fired from cannon placed high 
above the procession. The arrival at the state 
line was announced by a steam whistle, which 
was followed by the blowing of every whistle 
and the ringing of all the church bells in the twin 
cities. After a brief speech from a platform in 
the open, the President reviewed 8,000 school 
children, who waved flags and cheered him. 

There were also demonstrations at the Live 
Stock Exchange and the stock yards which were 



197 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

visited, and, as the President was driven through 
the surburban towns, he was greeted by several 
thousand more school children. 

At the Union Pacific station, at Armstrong, 
the President was presented by the students of 
the Kansas City University with a gold badge, 
set with pearls and diamonds, and designating 
him as an honorary member of the University 
Library Association. 
^ The train reached Topeka an hour late. The 
President went at once to the site of the new 
Young Men's Christian Association building, 
where he made a short address and then laid the 
cornerstone with a silver trowel, presented by 
General Manager Mudge of the Santa Fe Rail- 
road. 

In his address, the President expressed the 
hope that the Association would continue to ac- 
complish good work. He said the Railroad Y. 
M. C. A. was one of the most potent agencies for 
good in the country, in that it tended to make 
better men of the railroad employes, upon whom 
so much depended: 

198 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



After dinner at the home of Governor Bailey, 
the President went to the Auditorium and made 
a speech to the delegates to the convention of 
the Y. M. C. A. He said that such an organ- 
ization as this developed the two necessary- 
qualities of work and brotherly love. "Nothing 
can be done with a man who will not work. We 
have in our scheme of government no room for 
the man who does not wish to pay his way 
through life by what he does. Capacity for 
work is absolutely necessary, and no man can 
be said to live in the true sense of the word if 
he does not work. If a man is utterly disregard- 
ful of the rights of others; if he works simply 
for the sake of ministering to his own base pas- 
sions; if he works simply to gratify himself; 
small is his good in the community. He is of no 
real use unless, together with the quality which 
enables him to work, he has the quality which 
enables him to love his fellows, to work with 
them for the common good of all." 

At Junction City, Kas., on May 2^, there were 



199 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

12,000 people and four troops of the 4th U. S. 
Cavalry and the 19th and 20th batteries of field 
artillery from Fort Riley. A presidential salute 
was fired on the arrival of the train. The Presi- 
dent spoke of the splendid record made by the 
Kansas troops in the Spanish War and in the 
Philippine insurrection, and also said: 

"Officers and enlisted men in the regular army 
are our fellow citizens, who have volunteered to 
wear the uniform, which is the badge of honor 
to them and to us, and no body of men in all the 
country deserve well more emphatically of the 
entire country, than the officers and enlisted men 
of the Army of the United States. They have 
added fresh pages to the honor roll of the Re- 
public by what they have done in the Philip- 
pines, by the courage and soldier-like efficiency 
which they have shown, and by the extraord- 
inary moderation, self-restraint and humanity 
with which they have carried themselves in one 
of the most difficult and one of the most righteous 

contests ever waged by any civilized nation." 

200 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



At Chapman, when he appeared on the plat- 
form of his car, an admirer presented him with 
a football which had seen service. 

At Abilene there was a handsome arch, and 
school-girls threw flowers in the path of the 
President, several members of the 20th Kansas 
acted as a guard, and a cowboy band furnished 
the music. 

At least 8,000 people were at the depot at 
Salina, and, surrounded by 3,500 school chil- 
dren, with flags, the President made a fifteen- 
minute speech. Secretary Root, who had joined 
the President at St. Louis, bade him goodbye 
here and boarded an eastbound train. 

One of the most interesting scenes occurred 
at Victoria, a small place inhabited mostly by 
Russian-Germans, who still retain many of 
their old customs. Several hundred of the men, 
women and children were at the station, the 
women on one side of the track, the men on the 
other. The children were with their mothers, 
and when the President appeared on the plat- 

201 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

form of his car, they sang sweetly, "Red, 
White and Blue." Then a number of little 
girls approached the car and handed bouquets 
to the President, who thanked the people 
warmly for having come to greet him, con- 
gratulating them upon what they had done on 
the farms and in business. He said he had not 
enjoyed any meeting more than this one. 

Sunday, May 3, was spent at Sharon Springs, 
Kas., where the President attended the Metho- 
dist church and listened to a sermon by a Presby- 
terian minister. Two little girls who were 
standing in the aisle were taken into the pew 
by the President, and, during the singing, the 
three shared the same hymn book. At the con- 
clusion of the service he shook hands with a 
large number of people. In the afternoon, the 
President went horseback riding with Senators 
Burton and Long and President Butler of Co- 
lumbia College. An admirer presented him 
with a two-weeks' old badger — a very friendly 
little animal. Senator Warren, of Wyoming, 

202 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

and Civil Service Commissioner Folk joined the 
President here. 

At Hugo, Col., the morning of May 4, the 
President was treated to a cowboy's breakfast. 
A mess tent had been erected at the side of the 
track, and when the train arrived breakfast was 
ready. It was partaken of standing, and then 
the President shook hands with his host. The 
train pulled out amidst a chorus of cowboy 
yells. 

The President was the guest of the City of 
Denver for two hours and a half. It seemed as 
if almost the entire population of 175,000 was 
massed along the streets during the drive to the 
State Capitol grounds. The schools and busi- 
ness houses were closed and many of the stores 
and residences were beautifully decorated. The 
Mayor presented the President with a neat 
morocco-bound engrossed program of his tour 
through the city and a magnificent gold badge, 
bearing the state crest and an appropriate in- 
scription. Col. Charles L. Cooper, of the 5th 

203 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Cavalry, who was Mustering Officer of the 
Rough Riders, handed the President a photo- 
graph of his command taken at San Antonio, 
Texas. The President, who was prominent in 
the picture, laughed and exclaimed: "That, 
certainly, is all right, Colonel." Mrs. Helen 
M. Caspar, on behalf of the Daughters of the 
American Revolution, presented him with a 
silk flag, beautifully wrought. "I deeply ap- 
preciate this priceless gift," he said. At the 
Capitol, the President spoke briefly of the irri- 
gation law and its importance, and referred at 
length to the necessity for good citizenship. 
There followed a reception in the Governor's 
office, when Governor Peabody, on behalf of the 
Colorado Board of World's Fair Commission- 
ers, presented the President with a souvenir 
medal made of solid gold, taken from a Cripple 
Creek mine, and accompanied by a beautifully 
engrossed presentation certificate. During the 
drive through the City Park, the President saw 
the 400-lb. silver bell, to be presented to the 

204 




Copyright l.y T'ndf iwood .^- rna.iwoofl, X. Y. 



THEODORE ROOSEVELT, LL. D. 

Addressing the Students of the University of California at Berkley 




Ccliyiislit li.v t'mlei-wood & riidcrwood. N. Y. 



LEAVING THE STATE HOUSE, SALEM, OREGON 

With the Presidentare Governor Chamberlain, George C. Brownell, L.T. Harris 
and Mayor C. P. Bishop- 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



cruiser Denver, a miniature of the bell, cast 
from the same metal, being presented to him. 

At Colorado Springs, the President was met 
by Mayor Harris and a reception committee of 
200 citizens, and driven through a long line of 
uniformed men extending from the Rio Grande 
station to the Antlers Hotel. He made a brief 
speech upon the responsibilities of citizenship. 
He was then presented by colored citizens with 
a silver medal in the form of a square plate, with 
the inscription: "To the President, President 
of the people, a friend to the friendless." He 
thanked the committee and said: "The only 
thing to do is to do the square thing." He was 
given a ride through the city, escorted by former 
rough riders and the reception committee. He 
was constantly cheered by the crowd. On the 
station platform he met a number of former 
rough riders and a reunion was held. Vice 
President Paul Morton, of the Santa Fe, joined 
the party here. 

At Pueblo there was a military escort and a 



207 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

decorated platform surrounded by thousands of 
people, excursionists having come long dis- 
tances. The President spoke for fifteen minutes, 
expressing his trust in the ability of the people 
of the Republic to overcome the difficulties and 
problems that arise, not by genius or brilliant 
gifts, but by the exercise of plain and practical 
common sense and an insistence upon genuine 
liberty and fair play for each individual. 

At Trinidad, w^here the train arrived shortly 
before midnight, there were fully i,ooo people 
at the depot. Governor Otero, of New Mexico, 
met the President at Elmoro to escort him 
through the territory. 

Over three hours of the morning of May 5 
were spent at Santa Fe, the historic buildings 
and monuments seeming to be of intense inter- 
est to the President. There was a reception at 
the Capitol and a drive over the gayly decorated 
streets, thickly lined with a cheering multitude. 
A stop was made at San Miguel church, said to 
be the oldest in the United States, where a son 

208 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

of George W. Armijo, a sergeant in the Rough 
Riders, was baptized and named Theodore 
Roosevelt, the President being the godfather. 
After this pleasing incident, the President spoke 
to 2,500 school children, including 350 in 
the uniform of the United States Indian School; 
the students of St. Michael's College, of Loretto 
Academy, St. Catharine's Indian and the Pres- 
byterian Mission Schools. At Fort Marcy, 
Mayor Sparks presented him with an illumi- 
nated volume of the city's history. The book is 
in a cover of gold filigree work, set with tur- 
quoise. Luncheon was served at the residence 
of Governor Otero, in front of which was a 
triumphal arch on which stood a girl, as God- 
dess of Liberty, who strewed flowers upon the 
President as he passed beneath. When he re- 
entered his carriage, an original ode was sung 
by the school children, and the President stood 
up in his carriage and waved his hat. A large 
detail of Rough Riders in uniform served as a 
guard of honor while the President was here, 

209 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

and a number of them accompanied him to Al- 
buquerque. 

The day was closed at Albuquerque — the 
most picturesque day of the trip thus far. The 
President was taken to a stand by a reception 
committee and spoke a few minutes to 5,000 
people. Opposite the stand was a tableau repre- 
senting New Mexico appealing for admission 
to the Union — forty-five little girls dressed in 
white representing the states, while another, on 
the outside of the gate, at which stood Uncle 
Sam, represented New Mexico. The President 
said that when New Mexico had a little more 
irrigation there would be nothing the matter 
with the little girl on the outside. After a drive 
around the city, a reception was held at the 
Commercial Club. The President was pre- 
sented with a Navajo saddle blanket, in which 
were woven in white letters his credentials as 
an honorary member of the club. He was 
greatly pleased with the gift. Another big dele- 
gation of members of his Rough Rider regiment 

210 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



greeted him, and he referred to his pleasure in 
meeting them and in visiting the country from 
which the greater part of the regiment was re- 
cruited. Governor Brodie of Arizona, met the 
President at this point. May 6 was spent in 
Arizona, Grand Canon being reached at 9 a. m. 
A special from Flagstaff brought a large crowd, 
and people also came from the surrounding 
country on horseback and in wagons. The 
President was on the go all day. At the station 
he greeted a number of members of his old regi- 
ment. He then took a twelve-mile ride. Re- 
turning to the hotel, he made a brief speech and 
presented diplomas to the graduates of the 
Flagstaff school. He said Arizona was one of 
the regions for which he anticipated the most 
benefit from the passage of the irrigation law, it 
being of greater consequence to this part of the 
country in the next fifty years than any other ma- 
terial movement whatsover. He believed the 
GranH Canon was absolutely unparalleled 
tHrougHout the world. "In your own interest," 



211 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

he said, "and in the interest of all the country, 
keep this wonder of nature as it now is. I hope 
you won't have a building of any kind to mar the 
wonderful grandeur and sublimity of the Canon. 
You cannot improve it." At 5 130 he received the 
members of his old regiment in his car, and at 6 
o'clock the train left for California. 

The first stop in California, May 7, was at 
Victor, where the President extended a word 
of greeting to the people assembled at the 
station. 

At Redlands he was formally welcomed to 
the State by Governor Pardee and a commit- 
tee of the state legislature. In front of the 
Hotel Casaloma was packed a mass of humanity 
that stretched for two blocks east and west. On 
the west side of the grounds was a company of 
California National Guards; on the south side, 
the New York Society, and on the west the 
Y. M. C. A. cadets in uniform. There was 
great enthusiasm when the President appeared. 

He was taken in a carriage to the Calma Hotel, 

212 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

thousands of people lining the streets. The 
President spoke to 1,500 school children, who 
waved flags, cheered and sang the national airs. 
In a subsequent address to the crowd, after be- 
ing introduced by Governor Pardee, the Presi- 
dent said: 

"All this valley shows what can be accom- 
plished by irrigation, and you are to be congrat- 
ulated that the setlers had the foresight to take 
advantage of it. The irrigation system should 
be extended and widened. Forest and stream 
should be used to build up the interests of the 
home-maker, for he is the man we want to en- 
courage in every possible way. I think our citi- 
zens are realizing more and more that we want 
to perpetuate the things of both use and beauty. 
Beauty surely has its place, and you want to 
make this State more than it even now is — the 
garden spot of the Continent. 

"The sight of these children convinces me of 
the truth of a statement made by Governor Par- 
dee, when he said that in California there is no 
danger of race suicide. 

213 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



''You have done well in raising oranges, and 
I believe you have done better in raising chil- 
dren." 

After luncheon the President v^as driven over 
the city. Flowers were in profusion everywhere 
and the President (it was his first trip to Cali- 
fornia) expressed his great admiration. 

A short stop was made at San Bernardino, 
and Riverside was reached at 6 o'clock. A 
warm welcome awaited him, the city being 
beautifully decorated and brilliantly illumina- 
ted with thousands of colored electric lights. In 
the evening the President spoke from a stand, 
the rough exterior of which was entirely con- 
cealed by flowers. The train left Riverside at 
an early hour the morning of May 8, hundreds 
of people turning out to bid the President 
Goodbye. 

A half-hour's stop was made at Claremont, 
where the President spoke to the students of 
Pomona College, the President of which, John 
D. Gates, was an old-time friend of his. 



214 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

'There is not much need of educating the 
body," he said, 'if one pursues certain occupa- 
tions, but the minute you come to the people 
who pursue a sendentary life, there is great need 
for educating the body. All must recognize 
that if we think of it. The man that is the ideal 
citizen, is the man who, in the event of trial, in 
the event of a call from his country, can respond 
to that call. When the call comes, you need not 
only fiery enthusiasm, but you need the body 
containing that fiery enthusiasm to be sufficiently, 
hardy to bear it up. 

"Every college should aid, from its intellec- 
tual side, from the intellectual standpoint, to 
add to the sum of productive scholarship of the 
nation. You should turn your attention to the 
thing that you find naturally at hand, or to 
which your mind naturally turns, and try, in 
dealing with that, to deal in so fresh a way that 
the net income shall be an addition to the 
world's stock of wisdom and knowledge. Every 

215 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

college should strive to develop among its stu- 
dents the capacity to do good original work." 

The train ran through the picturesque San 

Gabriel Valley, to Pasadena, where it remained 

two hours. The business houses and residences 

along the route over which the President was 

driven displayed American flags and bunting. 

As the President passed the Elks' lodge building, 

Congressman MacLachlin presented him with a 

gold key, a facsimile of the one which opens the 

Elks' lodge room. At the Wilson High School 

the President passed under a floral archway 

which extended for two blocks. The front of 

the archway was a solid mass of flowers from 

base to top, and festoons of vari-colored roses 

were draped across from curb to curb. Baskets 

of flowers on simlax-twined polls extended from 

the high school building, and solid banks of 

roses covered the walls of the facade from base 

to cupola. Directly in front of the stand, from 

which the President made a brief address, there 

were 2,500 school children, each one carrying a 

216 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

long, light pole with the national colors waving 
from the top and palms and wreathes of flowers 
from the center. After the address, the Presi- 
dent was driven through the city, a brief stop 
being made at the home of Mrs. Garfield, the 
widow of the late President. From the top of 
Raymond Hill the President had a splendid view 
of the fertile San Gabriel Valley. When the 
train pulled in at La Grand station, Los Angeles, 
thousands of people blocked the streets on every 
side. Former members of the rough riders' regi- 
ment, a detachment of Troop D., C. N. G., and 
"Teddy's Terrors," a political club of Los 
Angeles busines men, wearing the rough rider 
uniform, formed on either side of the platform 
and kept the crowd back. The President was 
driven directly to the Westminster Hotel, where 
luncheon was served. The people along the 
route continuously cheered him. 

The annual fiesta de las flores, the chief feature 
of which was the elaborate floral parade, was 
arranged this year to coincide with the visit of 

217 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

the President. Unusual efforts had been made 
by the fiesta commitee to make this feature of 
the celebration particularly attractive, a sort of 
expression of the floral wealth of California. 
The parade occurred in the afternoon and was 
reviewed by the President. Returning to the 
hotel, he dined with a large delegation of State 
officials and invited guests. In the evening, he 
reviewed the electrical parade, which was the 
closing feature of the day. 

The train left Los Angeles at 5 a. m., May 9, 
the first stopping place being Ventura. The en- 
trance to the city being through a magnificent 
floral arch, the gates of which were swung wide 
by members of the board of town trustees and 
the board of supervisors. The route along the 
main streets was lined with several thousand 
people, who accorded the President an enthu- 
siastic ovation. A stop was made before the 
Column of Pioneers, of which body the Presi- 
dent was elected an honorary member, being 
decorated with the badge of the association. At 

218 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

the Old Mission the President climbed to the 
belfry and listened to the wooden bells that have 
chimed for over a century. He also visited the 
Bard Memorial Hospital and made a speech 
from a platform in front of the Plaza School. 
Here he got his first glimpse of the Pacific 
Ocean. 

Santa Barbara w^as reached at 1 1 o'clock. 
Carriages awaited the President at Montecito 
and he was escorted to the city by a large delega- 
tion of citizens, mounted police and Forest 
Rangers. On the way he was taken over drives 
in one of the most beautiful suburbs and over a 
portion of the Mountain Boulevard which com- 
mands a view of the city, sea and Channel 
Islands. He addressed about 15,000 people on 
the Plaza del Mar, and witnessed a parade. The 
President then visited the points of historical in- 
terest. He spent considerable time at the Old 
Mission as the guest of the Franciscan Fathers, 
and saw the sacred burying grounds, where 
hundreds of old Padres have been buried dur- 

219 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

ing the past century and which no woman has 
ever been permitted to enter. 

A stop was made at San Luis Obispo, where 
a great crowd welcomed the President. 

Sunday, May lo, was spent at Del Monte. 
The President rode on horseback over a seven- 
teen-mile drive along the sea in the morning, 
and in the afternoon attended services at St. 
John's Chapel. After dinner a reception was 
held in the parlors of the Hotel Del Monte, the 
President shaking hands with the guests and the 
officers stationed at Fort Monterey. 

The morning of May 1 1, a detachment of the 
Fifteenth Infantry accompanied the President 
to his train. 

At Pajaro, during a lo-minute stop, the Presi- 
dent said in a speech: "It seems to me every 
good American that can should visit the Pacific 
slope, to realize where so much of our country's 
greatness in the future will lie. I did not need 
to come out here in order to believe in you and 
your work. I know you well, and believe in you 

220 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



with all my heart, but it has done me good to be 
in touch with you. The thing that has impressed 
me most in coming from the Atlantic across to 
the Pacific, is that good Americans are good 
Americans in every part of this country." 

At Watsonville, in response to the demands of 
the people assembled at the depot, the President 
said: 

"I did not come here to teach; I come to 
learn. It has done me good to be in your State 
and to meet your people. Until last week, I had 
never been in California, and I go back an even 
better American than I came, and I think I 
came out a fairly good one. Things that are 
truisms, that you expect as a simple part of the 
natural order of events, need to be impressed 
upon our people as a whole. We need to under- 
stand the commanding position that will be oc- 
cupied in the future by our nation on the Pacific. 
This, the greatest of all the oceans, is one which 
during the century opening, must pass under 
American influence, and, as inevitably happens 

221 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

when a great effort comes, it means that a great 
burden of responsibility accompanies that ef- 
fort. A nation cannot be great without paying 
the price of greatness, and only a craven nation 
will object to paying the price. I believe in you, 
my countrymen; I believe in our people, and, 
therefore, I believe that they will dare to be 
great. Therefore, I believe they will hail the 
chance this century brings as one which it should 
rejoice a mighty and masterful people to have. 
And we can face the future with the assurance 
of confidence of success if only we face it in the 
spirit in which our fathers faced the problems 
of the past." 

The next stop was at Santa Cruz. After a 
drive on Beach Hill, where the President had a 
good view of the bay and the city, he was driven 
along Pacific Avenue, where there was an im- 
mense throng and many school children, who 
waved flags and scattered flowers in the road- 
way. The courthouse was a mass of national 
colors. In the crowd were many members of 

222 




From Stereograph, copyright by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y. 

THE RECEPTION AT PORTLAND 

An immense crowd greeted the President at Portland, Oregon. The above 
picture shows him reviewing the parade. 







Copyright by Underwood & T'ndorwood, N. Y. 

AT PORTLAND, OREGON 
President Roosevelt reviewing the Parade from a carriage banked with roses 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

the G. A. R. and representatives of the pioneers 
and naval militia. Mayor Clark introduced the 
President, who was warmly received. 

"I wish to say a word," he said, "especially to 
the men of the Grand Army and the representa- 
tives of the pioneers — to the men who proved 
their loyalty in the supreme test of '6i to '65, 
and to the pioneers who showed their patriotism 
in winning the golden west for their country. It 
is a pleasure for me to see men of the naval 
militia. If there is one thing this country is 
alive to, it is our navy. We must believe in a 
first-class navy. We already have a good navy, 
but we must have a better one. We cannot afiford 
to neglect our navy. We must build it up; we 
must have the best fighting ships and the best 
of men to man them." 

A brief visit was made to the grove of red 
wood trees at Felton. The President expressed 
his disapproval of placing personal and business 
cards on the trees, and, in a speech, said he 
hoped the people of California would see to 

225 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

it that such vandalism was stopped. The cards 
were torn down. A huge tree was named after 
the President, he stipulating that the card neces- 
sary to be placed upon it should not be more 
than an inch and a half in diameter. 

During luncheon the President was informed 
that the Spanish beans served were raised by 
Mrs. J. M. Gesetterest, the mother of 34 chil- 
dren. He laughed heartily, saying, "She should 
be the president of some association, — I don't 
know what." The Pioneers' Society presented 
him with a silver plate and he also received 
pictures of the big trees. 

San Jose was reached in the afternoon, the 
President receiving an ovation. He was shown 
the most famous orchards and vineyards of this 
section of the State, and warmly expressed his 
appreciation of the Santa Clara Valley. He 
visited the old Jesuit College at Santa Clara, 
and at Campbell addressed a large number of 
fruitgrowers and farmers, and planted a tree. 
The school children were reviewed in front of 

226 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



the McKinley Monument in St. James Square. 
The evening was spent quietly in his car. 

The train left San Jose at 8 130 a. m., May 12, 
and a half-hour's ride brought it to Palo Alto, 
the site of the Leland Stanford, Jr., University. 
The President was driven up a palm lined 
avenue to the university quadrangle, where he 
was greeted by President Star Jordan, the 
faculty and assembled students, to whom he de- 
livered a brief address. He said President 
Jordan vv^as an old and valued friend whose ad- 
vice he has often sought since he became Presi- 
dent of the United States. He devoted some 
time to the benefits of education if properly ap- 
plied in after life, and ended his speech with a 
plea for the preservation of the forests, advocat- 
ing a revision of the land laws which would cut 
out the provision that tends to the acquisition of 
large tracts of land for speculative purposes, or 
the leasing to others. 

"We want good land laws," he said. "We 
want to see the farmer own his own home; want 



227 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

to see the land saved to the home builder. The 
best trained, best educated men on the Pacific 
Slope, in the Rocky Mountains, and Great 
Plains States, will take the lead in the preserva- 
tion and securing the right use of the waters, 
and seeing to it that our land policy is not twisted 
from its original purpose, but is perpetuated in 
the line of the purpose to turn the public domain 
into farms, each to be the property of the man 
who actually tills it and makes his home upon it." 
After an inspection of the campus and build- 
ings, including the beautiful Stanford Memorial 
church, which the President declared was one 
of the most artistic religious edifices in the 
world, he was escorted to his car by the faculty 
and students. 

San Francisco was reached at 2:15 p. m. A 
large gathering of federal, state and city officials, 
army and navy officers, foreign consuls, and dis- 
tinguished citizens were waiting at the station 
to welcome him. Mr. M. H. de Young spoke 
on behalf of the Citizens' Reception Committee. 

228 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

The President expressed his thanks, and was then 
introduced to Admiral Bickford, of the Pacific 
British Squadron, who conveyed the good wishes 
of King Edward, and said the arrival of the 
flagship of the squadron to assist in the greeting 
was another instance of the cordial relations ex- 
isting between the two nations. The President 
said he appreciated the evidence of friendship, 
and begged that his good wishes be given to His 
Majesty. 

Before entering his carriage, the President 
stepped up to the locomotive and warmly shook 
hands with Engineer McGrail and Fireman 
Everly, who had safely piloted him from the 
south. 

The line of parade was headed by a troop of 
colored cavalry. Following the President were 
United States troops from the local posts, sailors 
and marines from the warships in the harbor and 
at Mare Island, regiments of the state militia 
and a number of semi-military organizations. 



229 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

The Cleveland Grays came from Ohio to par- 
ticipate in the California welcome. 

After reviewing the parade, the President was 
driven to the Y. M. C, A. building, where a 
throng had gathered to participate in the burn- 
ing of mortgages and notes representing the total 
indebtedness of $115,280 upon the property. 
The President, by request, touched a lighted 
match to the documents, and, as the flames licked 
up the papers, he joined the assemblage in sing- 
ing "Praise God From Whom All Blessings 
Flow." 

The President addressed the Y. M. C. A., 
saying. 

"It would be hard to overestimate the amount 
of good work done by the Young Mens' Chris- 
tian Association and the Young Women's Chris- 
tian Association. This association represents the 
efforts to provide for the body as well as for 
the mind, to help young men to educate them- 
selves, to train themselves for the practical life 
as well as for the higher life, and to give them 

230 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

amusement and relaxation that will educate and 
not debase them. 

"In other words, the Y. M. C. A., in all its 
branches, is working for civic and social right- 
eousness, for decency, for good citizenship. 
There is no patent recipe for getting good 
citizenship. You get it by applying the old 
rules of decent conduct, the rules in accordance 
with which decent men have had to shape their 
lives from t?he beginning. A good citizen, a man 
who stands as he should stand, with his relations 
to the state, to the nation, must first of all be a 
good member of his own family, a good father 
or son, brother or husband; a man who does 
right the thing that is nearest; the man who 
is a good neighbor (and I use 'neighbor' 
broadly) who handles himself as his self-respect 
should aid him to handle himself, in his rela- 
tions to the community at large, in his relations 
with those whom he employs, or by whom he is 
employed, with those with whom he comes in 
contact in any form or business relation or in any 

231 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

other way. If there is one lesson which I think 
each of us learns as he grows older, it is that it 
is not what the man works at, providing, of 
course, it is respectable and honorable in char- 
acter, that fixes his place; it is the way he works 
at it. 

"If we are sincere in our professions of ad- 
herence to the principles laid down by the 
founder of Christianity; if we are sincere in our 
professions of adherence to the immutable laws 
of righteousness, we will honor in others and 
ourselves the power of each to do decently and 
well the work allotted to him, and ask nothing 
further than that. If we can get ourselves and 
the community at large really imbued with that 
spirit, nine-tenths of the difficulties that beset us 
will vanish." 



232 




Coiiyriglit by riiilcrwoud & I'luUn-wood. N. Y. 
CROWD AT SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 




Copyright liy rndcrwcKMl »>v: I 



AT HELENA, MONTANA 
An immense crowd lined the streets from the station to the Capital. 




Copyriuiht !i.v I'nilcrwond \- I iKlci-wniHl. N. Y. 
CROWDS AT HELENA. MONTANA 



CHAPTER VIII. 

SAN FRANCISCO TO WASHINGTON. 
A banquet was given to the President at the 
Palace Hotel in the evening by the Citizens' 
Committee, M. H. de Young presiding. On his 
right was the President, Governor Pardee, Ad- 
miral Bickford, Doctor Rixey, Admiral Kempff 
and Doctor Butler; and on his left. Secretary 
Moody, Mayor Schmitz, Senator Perkins, Gen- 
eral MacArthur and Doctor Wheeler. One of 
the features of the decorations was an immense 
garland of California fruits, swung on the south 
wall of the room. Stretching from one end of 
the hall to the other were electric lights, spells 
ing "Land of Sunshine, Fruit and Flowers Wel- 
comes President Roosevelt." The President in 
his address said: 

"I rejoice with you in the prosperity of 
California, and that prosperity is but part of the 
prosperity of the whole union. Speaking 
broadly, prosperity must of necessity come to all 

237 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

of us or to none of us. This Golden State has 
a future of even brighter promise than most of 
her older sisters; and yet the future is bright for 
all of us. 

"California, still in her youth, can look for- 
ward to such growth as only a few of her sister 
states may share. Yet there are immense pos- 
sibilities of growth for all our states. In this 
growth, in keeping and increasing our pros- 
perity, the most important factor must be the 
character of our citizenship. Nothing can take 
the place of the average quality of energy, thrift, 
business enterprise and amity in our community 
as a whole. Unless the average individual in 
our nation has to a high degree the qualities that 
command success, we cannot expect to deserve 
it, or to keep what it brings; and our future is, 
in my opinion, well assured from the very fact 
that there is very high quality in the character 
of the average American citizen. But, in addi- 
tion, we must have wise legislation and upright 
and honest enforcement of the laws. 

238 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

"We have attained our present position of 
economic well-being and of leadership in the in- 
ternational business world under a tariff policy 
in which I think our people, as a whole, have 
acquiesced as essentially wise alike from the 
standpoint of the manufacturer, the merchant, 
the farmer and the wage-worker. Doubtless, 
as our needs shift, it will be necessary to reapply 
in its details this system so as to meet these shift- 
ing needs; but it would certainly seem, from the 
standpoint of our business interests, most unwise 
to abandon the general policy of the system 
under which our success has been so signal. 

*'In financial matters, we are to be congratu- 
lated upon having definitely determined that 
our currency system should rest upon a gold 
basis, for to follow any other course would have 
meant disaster so widespread that it would be 
difficult to over estimate it. 

"There is, however, unquestionably, need of 
enacting further financial legislation so as to pro- 
vide for greater elasticity in our currency system. 

239 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

At present there are certain seasons during 
which the rigidity of our currency system causes 
a stringency which is unfortunate in its effects. 
So, in my judgment, the Congress that is to as- 
semble next fall should take up and dispose of 
the pressing questions relating to banking and 
currency. I believe that such action will be 
taken and I am sure that it ought to be taken." 
The morning of May 13, the President was 
escorted by a squadron of cavalry through streets 
lined with people to Native Sons' Hall, where 
a reception was held. The hall was packed with 
members of the California Society of Pioneers, 
the Native Sons of the Golden West, the Native 
Daughters and Veterans of the Mexican War. 
Addresses of welcome were made by Ex-Mayor 
Phelan, Henry B. Russ, General Stewart, H. R. 
McNoble and Miss Eliza R. Heath, and the 
President was presented with a souvenir of the 
occasion, representing a bear hunt, reproduced 
in gold. The President responded in a happy 
manner. 

240 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

The President next proceeded to Van Ness 
Avenue, where thousands of school children had 
assembled, many of them carrying beautiful silk 
banners and all of them having flags, which were 
waved as the President passed. After the re- 
view of the children he drove through the 
Presido, and thence to the golf links, where there 
was a military review. General MacArthur be- 
ing in command of the troops. 

After a drive through Golden Gate park, 
luncheon was taken at the Clifif House, with the 
members of the Executive Committee, Governor 
Pardee, Admiral Bickford and other invited 
guests. 

On the return trip, a large crowd witnessed 
the President turn the first shovelful of earth for 
the McKinley Monument. The shovel was a 
souvenir one, made from the material of which 
the monument will be composed, and it was pre- 
sented to the President. In a brief address he 
said: 

"It is not too much to say that no man since 

241 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Lincoln was as widely, universally loved in this 
country as was President McKinley, for it was 
given to him, not only to rise to the most exalted 
station, but to typify in his character and con- 
duct those virtues which every American citizen 
worthy of the name liked to regard as typically 
American — the virtues of cleanly and upright 
living, in all relations, private and public, in 
the most intimate family relations, in the rela- 
tions of business, in the relations with his neigh- 
bors, and finally in his conduct of the great 
affairs of state." 

In the evening the President spoke at the Me- 
chanics' Pavilion, his subject being "Expansion 
and Trade Development and Protection of the 
Country's Newly Acquired Possessions in the 
Pacific." He said: 

"Before I saw the Pacific Slope, I was an ex- 
pansionist, and after having seen it I fail to un- 
derstand how any man confident of his country's 
greatness and glad that his country should chal- 
lenge with proud confidence our mighty future 

242 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

can be anything but an expansionist. In the cen- 
tury that is opening, the commerce and the prog- 
ress of the Pacific will be features of incalculable 
moment in the history of the world. Now, in our 
day, the greatest of all oceans, of all seas, and the 
last to be used on a large scale by civilized man, 
bids fair to become in its turn the first in point of 
importance. Our mighty republic has stretched 
across the Pacific and now in California, Oregon 
and Washington, in Alaska and Hawaii and the 
Philippines holds an extent of coast line which 
makes it of necessity a power of the first class in 
the Pacific. The extension in the area of our 
domain has been immense, the extension in the 
area of our influence even greater. 

"America's geographical position on the Pa- 
cific is such as to insure our peaceful domination 
of its waters in the future, if only we grasp with 
sufficient resolution the advantages of this posi- 
tion. We are taking long strides in this direc- 
tion: witness the cables we are laying down and 
the great steamship lines we are starting — steam- 

243 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

ship lines, some of whose vessels are larger than 
any freight carriers the word has yet seen. We 
have taken the first steps toward digging an isth- 
mian canal, to be under our control — a canal 
which will make our Atlantic and Pacific coast 
lines to all intent and purpose continuous, and 
will add immensely alike to our commercial and 
our military and naval strength. 

"The inevitable march of events gave us con- 
trol of the Philippines at a time so opportune that 
it may without irreverance be held providential. 
Unless we show ourselves weak, unless we show 
ourselves degenerate sons of the sires from whose 
loins we sprang, we must go on with the work 
that we have begun. I earnestly hope that this 
work will always be peaceful in character. 

"We infinitely desire peace, and the surest way 
to obtain it is to show that we are not afraid of 
war. We should deal in a spirit of fairness and 
justice with all weaker nations ; we should show 
to the strongest that we are able to maintain our 
rights. Such showing cannot be made by bluster, 

244 





^^'' '^^^^^^^^^1 


-" A;-~ — :.z — -a--,-^^ ;: " 




(^ 




w^ 



('.i|.\ i-iL;lil l.y fiMlci-w-.ind >V I'ii.lcr\N'"Ml, \. Y. 

IN IDAHO 

'We must handle the water, the wood, the grasses, so that we will hand them 

on to our children, and children's children, in better and 

not worse shape than we got them." 




Copvriiilit 



rmk'iwuud ^ liiilcrwodd. X. X. 



INDIANS RACING THE PRESIDENT'S SPECIAL 

Blackfoot Indians met the President's Train several miles out of Pocatello, Idaho 
and raced alongside into that town. 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

for bluster merely invites contempt. Let us 
speak courteously, deal fairly and keep ourselves 
armed and ready. If we do these things, we can 
count on the peace that comes to the just man 
armed, to the just man who neither fears nor in- 
flicts wrong. 

"We must keep on building and maintaining 
a thoroughly efficient navy with plenty of the best 
and most formidable ships, with an ample supply 
of officers and of men, and with these officers and 
men trained in the most thorough way to the best 
possible performance of their duty. Only thus 
can we assure our position in the world at large, 
and, in particular, our position here on the Pa- 
cific. 

"It behooves all men of lofty soul, who are 
proud to belong to a mighty nation, to see to it 
that we fit ourselves to take and keep a great po- 
sition in the world, for our proper place is with 
the expanding nations and the nations that dare 
to be great, that accept with confidence a place of 
leadership in the world. All our people should 

247 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

take this position, but especially should you of 
California, for much of our expansion must go 
through the Golden Gate, and the states of the 
Pacific Slope must inevitably be those which 
would most be benefited by and take the lead in 
the growth of American influence along the 
coasts and islands of that mighty ocean, where 
east and west finally become one. My country- 
men, I believe in you with all my heart, and I am 
proud that it has been granted to me to be a citi- 
zen of a nation of such glorious opportunities 
and with the wisdom, the hardihood and the 
courage to rise to the levels of its opportunities." 
The morning of May 14, the President partici- 
pated in the dedication of the monument com- 
memorative of the victory of Commodore 
Dewey and his fleet in Manila Bay. In an ad- 
dress he said San Francisco should glory in com- 
memorating the navy's victory at Manila, as it 
had opened the Pacific Ocean to American com- 
merce, and more than any other event contribu- 
ted to give the United States a high place among 

248 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

the naval powers. He dwelt on the necessity of 
preparing ships, armament, and men for the 
navy. Naval battles are fought in advance, and 
the Americans won at Manila because they had 
made ready to strike the blow. The necessity of 
improving the navy was first made apparent in 
1882, and all of the warships the navy now has 
were built since that time. Since the last war, 
the naval strength of the United States has rapid- 
ly been increasing, and under the .wise provisions 
of the last Congress has particularly advanced. 
He urged practical work at sea, especially in 
marksmanship, saying: "Remember that the 
shots that count in war are the ones that hit." 

The President then went to Berkely, where he 
took part in the commencement exercises of the 
University of California, President Benjamin 
Ide Wheeler conferring upon him the degree of 
Doctor of Laws. 

After visiting Oakland, where the citizens cor- 
dially greeted him, the President went to Vallejo, 
and laid the cornerstone of the Navy Y. M. C. A. 

249 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

building. A stop was made at the Mare Island 
Navy Yard. In the evening he was given a fare- 
well banquet by the Union League Club at the 
Palace Hotel. Covers were laid for 300 persons. 

May 15, 16, 17 and 18 were spent in the Yo- 
semite, the President camping at different points, 
sight-seeing during the days, and sleeping in 
blankets at night. He was in but one house, and 
then only for an hour or so, during the three days. 
At Happy Isles, on the 17th, during luncheon, 
he said: 

"This is the one day of my life, and one that I 
will always remember with pleasure. Just think 
of where I was last night! Up there (pointing 
toward Glacier Point) amid the pine and silver 
firs In the Sierrian solitude, in a snowstorm, too, 
and without a tent. I passed one of the most 
pleasant nights of my life. It was so reviving to 
be so close to nature in this magnificent forest." 

The railroad journey was resumed at Ray- 
mond, after a record-breaking stage ride of 69 
miles in ten hours. 

250 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Carson, Nev., was reached the morning of 
May 19, and fully 15,000 people greeted the 
President as he was driven through the city to 
the capitol park. He spoke for twenty minutes, 
dwelling upon the possibilities of irrigation and 
forestry, and congratulating Nevada on her irri- 
gation law. 

At Reno he was taken to the University of Ne- 
vada, where he addressed the 400 students, and at 
Colfax he was presented with a handsome box of 
quartz specimens and nuggets. He thanked the 
people for the gift and expressed his apprecia- 
tion of the compliment shown by the assembly of 
such a large number of people to greet him. 
During a stop of fifteen minutes at Truckee, the 
President made a short address. 

At Sacramento, in the evening, he reviewed 
the school children, who waved flags and heartily 
cheered him. After dinner he went to the state 
capitol, where Governor Pardee gave a reception 
for him. He made a short address from a ros- 
trum on the east front of the capitol. 

251 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

At Redding, May 20, several counties were 
represented in the crowd at the depot, where the 
President made a ten-minute speech. He said he 
had enjoyed his visit to California immensely 
and that he was convinced that San Francisco 
would do its full share in dominating the com- 
merce of ,the nation. He was presented with 
some specimens of copper from Mount Shasta. 

Short stops were made at Sisson, Dunsmuir 
and Montague, where speeches w^ere made to 
large gatherings of people, who had come from 
miles around to see the President. 

Ashland, the first stopping point in Oregon, 
was reached at 6 145 in the evening, and, as the 
train pulled in, bands played, cannon boomed, 
and thousands of people cheered the President 
when he stepped out upon the platform of his 
car. He spoke of the peculiar pleasure he felt at 
entering the State for the first time. 

At Salem, May 21, the President was met by 
Governor Chamberlain, George C. Brownell, 
President of the Senate ; L. T. Harris, Speaker of 

252 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

the House; Mayor C. P. Bishop and a citizens' 
committee. Thousands of people were gathered 
at the station. While driving through the city, 
the President was repeatedly cheered. He said a 
few words of greeting and encouragement to 
2,000 school children, who responded by singing 
"America," and, subsequently, delivered an ad- 
dress in the capitol grounds. He spoke warmly 
of the G. A. R. and the members of the Second 
Oregon Regiment, who fought in the Philip- 
pines. Continuing, he said: 

"It is not only the lesson of what these men did 
in war that we need to learn; it is the applied les- 
son of citizenship that they teach. Fundamen- 
tally, in this country, we are free from the dread- 
ful curse of religious hatred and persecution 
which has worked so much evil in times past in 
the world at large. We realize that a corner- 
stone in the building of this government must not 
be merely religious toleration before the law, but 
a genuine religious toleration among ourselves. 
We in America are to be held thrice blessed that 

253 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

the chance of animosity between Jew and Gen- 
tile, or between Christian sects, has become in- 
finitesimal to the vanishing point. Once more, 
not only must there be no line of demarcation 
among our people on grounds of sect, but there 
must be no line of demarcation drawn among 
them on grounds of class or occupation. There 
is but one safe rule to follow in public life as in 
private life, and that is the old, old rule of treat- 
ing your neighbor as you would like your neigh- 
bor to treat you ; the old rule of decency, honesty, 
of square dealing as between man and man. Just 
so long as our people keep character, so long as 
they have the fundamental virtues of decency, of 
courage, of common sense, just so long may we 
rest assured that this country will go onward and 
upward until it occupies a place among the na- 
tions of mankind such as has never before been 
known since the days when history was first 
written." 

On his way to the depot, the President noticed 
an invalid child lying upon a stretcher on the 

254 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

curbing. He stopped his carriage, alighted, and 
kissed the little girl. The crowd cheered him. 

The train arrived at Portland at 2:15 p. m., 
and, while crossing the bridge spanning the Wil- 
lamette River, a salute of 21 guns was fired by a 
battery of the Oregon National Guard. A com- 
mittee headed by Senator John H. Mitchell ac- 
companied the President to a carriage in which 
he was driven about the city. With him were 
Governor Chamberlain and Mayor George P. 
Williams. The procession was made up of a 
l^attalion of Spanish-American War veterans, 
commanded by Brig. General Summners, who 
led the Second Oregon Regiment in the Philip- 
pines; the 8th Battery, U. S. Artillery, from Van- 
couver Barracks; the 17th Regiment, U. S. I.; 
the Third Regiment, O. N. G., and cadets from 
several military schools. One section was a hu- 
man flag, composed of 400 school girls. A com- 
pany of fifty American-born Chinese brought up 
the rear. The route from the depot to the city 
park, a distance of three miles, was a mass of 

255 



ROOSEVELT AIMONG THE PEOPLE 

American flags. Across Sixth street was a large 
one — the first American flag hoisted on the walls 
of Manila. The President's carriage stopped 
under this flag, and he and the other occupants 
took off their hats. In the park were 12,000 
school children, massed in raised seats. Each 
child waved an American flag as the President 
passed, and cheered him lustily. Fully 25,000 
people had assembled to witness the laying of the 
cornerstone of the Lewis and Clark Monument. 

The President laid the cornerstone and, in an 
address, said: 

"This cornerstone is to call to mind the great- 
est single pioneering feat on this Continent — the 
voyage across the Continent by Lewis and Clark, 
which rounded out the ripe statesmanship of Jef- 
ferson and his fellows by giving to the United 
States all of the domain between the Mississippi 
and the Pacific. Following their advent came 
the reign of the fur trader, and then, some sixty 
years ago, those entered whose children and chil- 
dren's children were to possess the land. Across 

256 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



the continent in the early Forties came the ox- 
drawn, white-topped wagons, bearing the pio- 
neers, the stalwart, sturdy, sunburnt men, with 
their Avives and little ones, who entered into this 
country to possess it. You have built up here 
this wonderful commonwealth, a commonwealth 
great in its past and infinitely greater in its 
future. 

"It was a pleasure to me today to have as part 
of my escort, the men of the Second Oregon, who 
carried on expansion of our people beyond the 
Pacific as your fathers carried it on to the Pacific. 
I speak to the men of the Pacific Slope, the men 
whose predecessors gave us this region because 
they were not afraid, because they did not seek 
the life of ease and safety, because their life train- 
ing was not to shrink from obstacles, but to meet 
and overcome them. Now I ask that this nation 
go forward as it has gone forward in the past; I 
ask that it shape its life in accordance with the 
highest ideas; I ask that we govern the Philip- 
pines primarily in the interest of the people of 

257 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

the islands, and, just so long as men like Taft and 
Luke Wright are there, they will be so governed ; 
I ask that our name be a synonym for truthful 
and fair dealings with all the nations of the 
world; and I ask two things in connection with 
our foreign policy — that we never wrong the 
weak, and that we never flinch from the strong. 

"Today the Secretary of the Navy spoke of the 
great pride we take in the feats of the mighty 
battleship which bears the name of this State — 
the Oregon. It is a great thing to cheer it, but it 
is a better thing to see that we keep on building 
ships like it, and even better. That is the right 
way to cheer our Oregon, to see our Senators and 
Representatives in Congress go on with the 
building of the United States Navy. Whether 
we wish it or not, we have to be a great power. 
We have to play a great part. All we can decide 
is whether we will play that part well or ill, and 
I know, my countrymen, there Is scant doubt as 
to how the decision will come out. 

"We have met to commemorate a mighty plo- 

258 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



neer feat, a feat of the old days, when men needed 
to call upon every ounce of courage and hardi- 
hood and manliness they possessed in order to 
make good our claim to this Continent. Let us 
in our turn, with equal courage, equal hardihood 
and manliness, carry on the task that our fore- 
fathers have entrusted to our hands, and let us 
resolve that we shall leave to our chidren and our 
children's children an even mightier heritage 
than we received in our turn. I ask it, and I am 
sure that it will be granted." 

A banquet was given at the Hotel Portland in 
the evening. 

The State of Washington was entered at Kala- 
ma. May 22. The President was met by Gov- 
ernor McBride, who informally welcomed him 
to the State. 

At Chehalis there were 10,000 people at the 
depot. Mayor Donohue escorted the President 
on an elevated passageway to the "McKinley 
stump" — a mammoth fir stump, beautifully dec- 
orated, near the station. He shook hands with 

259 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Mr. and Mrs. William Hazzard, parents of the 
two Lieutenants Hazzard, who were with Gen- 
eral Funston when he captured Aguinaldo. The 
President spoke for fifteen minutes. He said: 

*'It is no wonder the people of Washington 
have shown themselves true to the practices and 
principles of the men who fought in the great 
war. I have just been introduced to two of the 
gallant young fellows, who, in the Philippines, 
captured Aguinaldo. With men such as you, 
and with two of your citizens, the father and the 
mother of boys like that, of course, you are ex- 
pansionists. If you were not, I would want to 
know what was the matter with you. 

"I congratulate Washington on its agriculture, 
its lumber, its mines, upon all that it produces, 
but most of all, upon its crop of children." 

The State Capitol, Olympia, was reached at 
1 :20 in the afternoon, and, while entering the 
city, the President had his first glimpse of Puget 
Sound. The official reception to the State took 
place here, the Governor and his staff, ex-gov- 

260 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

ernors, state officers and reception committee ap- 
pointed by the Legislature, in addition to 5,000 
people, greeted the President. 

At Tacoma a multitude at the station rent the 
air with cheers when the train stopped in the 
Northern Pacific depot. The escort consisted of 
G. A. R. posts and Spanish-American War vet- 
erans. At the public school buildings the chil- 
dren were grouped and gave the President an en- 
thusiastic reception. All the business and resi- 
dent streets were decorated with flags and fes- 
toons and pictures of the President. The streets 
were packed with people, and the demonstration 
kept him busy bowing his acknowledgments. 
He spoke in Wright Park, where there v/as a 
mass of humanity. 

'T earnestly believe," he said, "and, of course, 
I hope with all my heart, that there will always 
be peace between the United States and other 
powers, but I wish that peace to come to us not 
as a favor granted in contempt, but to be the kind 
of peace that comes to the just man armed, the 
peace that we can claim as a matter of right. 

261 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

"If we fail to build an adequate navy, some- 
time, some great power, throwing off the re- 
straint of international morality, will take some 
step against us, relying upon the weakness of our 
navy. The best possible assurance against war is 
an adequate navy. I ask for a navy primarily 
because it is the surest means of keeping peace, 
and also because, if war does come, surely there 
can be no American who will tolerate the idea of 
its having any other than a successful issue." 

On leaving the park, the Grand Lodge of Ma- 
sons and the Grand Commandery Knights Tem- 
plar escorted the President to the site of the Ma- 
sonic Temple, of which he laid the cornerstone. 
A thousand Masons participated in the impres- 
sive ceremony. 

Senator Foster gave a dinner in his honor in 
the evening. 

There was ideal weather May 23 for the trip 
of Puget Sound. The president was accompa- 
nied to the wharf by an escort of police and cav- 
alry, crowds lining Pacific Avenue and cheering 

2G2 




Ciiiiyright liy rncU-rwooil \ \ iiHnu 1. X. Y. 

AT POCATELLO, IDAHO 

■What American stands for more than aught else, is for treating each man on 
his worth as a man. 




;lil liv !iHlfi-\vn(i(l .>;.• IimIciwimmI. N. y. 



AT SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH 

President Roosevelt received a most enthusiastic welcome from the Citizens, 
Cowpunchers and Sheep men. 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

him heartily. All the shipping was adorned with 
flags and streamers. The steamer Spokane, 
which took him north, flew the President's flag, 
the revenue cutter McCuUoch, handsomely- 
dressed, convoying her. 

The navy yard at Sinclair Inlet was inspected. 
As the Spokane emerged from the inlet, she was 
greeted by the sirens of steamers and tugs wait- 
ing to escort her to Seattle. Behind the Spokane 
was the McCuUoch, followed in a double line 
by forty steamers, great and small, all decked out 
and tooting their whistles. A salute of 21 guns 
was fired as the President landed at the wharf, 
where he was received by Mayor Humes. A 
long drive was taken through the streets, which 
were packed with enthusiastic people. At the 
University grounds, the President made a speech 
in which he said: 

"I greet you as the very embodiment of the 
spirit which makes us all proud to be Americans. 
How any man can be a citizen of Seattle and the 
State of Washington, realizing what has been 

265 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

done here, within the past fifty years, as you can, 
and not be a good American, is more than I can 
imagine. You are good Americans, but it is not 
to your credit. You can't help it. You can't 
realize how great your future is. No other body 
on the face of the earth offers quite the advan- 
tages to the people as those which are enjoyed by 
the people who live about the Puget Sound. No 
state, and I include them all, has quite such great 
advantages as this great State of Washington. 

"You are at the gateway of Alaska, and even 
the people of the country that I come from are 
beginning to appreciate the greatness of Alaska. 
The men of my age will not be old men before 
they will see one of the greatest and most popu- 
lous states of the entire Union in Alaska. I am 
glad to notice that our national legislature now 
seems desirous of providing at once for the needs 
of that great territory. I predict that Alaska 
will, within the next century, support as large a 
population as does the entire Scandinavian Pen- 
insula of Europe, the people of which, by their 

26G 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

brains and energies, have left their mark on the 
face of Europe, I predict that you will see Alas- 
ka with her enormous resources of minerals, fish- 
eries, her possibilities that almost exceed belief, 
produce as hardy and vigorous a race as any part 
of America." 

Returning to the wharf, the President em- 
barked and went to Everett. Coming back, he 
was driven to the Grand Opera House which was 
crowded with Alaskans. A committee of the Arc- 
tic Brotherhood — an exclusively Alaskan order 
— presented him a miniature placer miner's pan 
of solid gold, on which was inscribed an invita- 
tion to visit Alaska as the guest of the order. 

Sunday, May 24, was spent in Seattle, the 
President atending the Memorial services of the 
G. A. R. at the Grand Opera House. In the 
afternoon he took a horseback ride to Fort Law- 
ton. 

May 25, the train stopped first at Clellum, in 
the Cascade Mountains, 1,000 coal miners hav- 
ing come down from Roslyn to see the President. 

267 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

At North Yakima he spoke on irrigation to an 
audience of 12,000, including a large number of 
Indians from the reservation. At EUensburg he 
made an address to 5,000 people, paying his re- 
spects to the mothers, wives and daughters of the 
soldiers. "While," he said, "the men went to 
battle, to the women fell the harder task of seeing 
husband or lover, father or brother going away, 
she herself having to stay behind with the load of 
doubt, anxiety and uncertainty, and often the 
hard difficulty of making both ends meet in the 
household while the breadwinner was away." 

At Walla Walla he spoke to 6,000 people from 
the steps of the Whitman Memorial Building, 
and reviewed a parade of militia and federal 
troops from Fort Walla Walla. In the evening 
he was entertained by Senator Ankeny at his 
house. 

The morning of May 26 was spent in the 
Coueur d'Alene mining camps of Northern 
Idaho, but the weather was very inclement. 

There was 750 people at Pasco, and the Presi- 

268 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



dent made a general talk on irrigation, saying 
that under the national irrigation act all the bar- 
ren wastes undoubtedly would be irrigated; that 
national reservoirs would be constructed to con- 
serve the supply of water now going to waste in 
the Columbia and Snake rivers, and the barren 
wastes would be changed into a veritable Garden 
of Eden. The President was given a box of as- 
sorted fruits, as a testimonial of what the land 
would do under irrigation. At Wallula, about 
500 people, including many school children, met 
the train. The President spoke encouragingly 
to the children, telling them to keep on striving 
to get an education. 

At Wallace, notwithstanding a heavy rain, 10,- 
000 people thronged the streets. After a recep- 
tion at Senator Heyburn's residence, the Presi- 
dent made a speech at the City Park, his subject 
being "Good Citizenship." At Harrison there 
was a large crowd, which listened to an address 
from the rear platform of his car. The President 
was presented with five strings of speckled trout. 

269 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

The train arrived at Spokane in the afternoon, 
and was met by a committee of twenty-five, 
headed by Senator Turner, Mayor Boyd, and a 
crowd of 6,000 people. A drive was taken 
through the most attractive parts of the city, the 
buildings being beautifully decorated. The es- 
cort consisted of Spanish-American War Veter- 
ans, regular troops, cadets and militia. The pro- 
cession halted for a moment at the site of the new 
Masonic Temple, and the President threw the 
first spadeful of earth. At Coueur d'Alene Park 
there were thousands of children, who sang pa- 
triotic songs and strewed flowers as the President 
passed through their ranks. In an address, the 
President said: 

"I am in a city at the gateway of this State, 
with the great railroad systems of the State run- 
ning through it. On the western edge of the 
State is Puget Sound, where I have seen the hom- 
ing places of the great steamship lines, which, in 
connection with the great railroads, are doing so 
much to develop the oriental trade of the coun- 

270 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

try. This State will owe no small part of its fu- 
ture greatness to the fact that it is doing its share 
in acquiring for the United States the dominance 
of the Pacific. The men and corporations that 
have built these railroads have rendered a very 
great service to the community. Every man who 
has made wealth or used it in developing great 
legitimate business enterprises has been of benefit 
and not harm to the country at large. Great good 
has come from the development of our railroad 
systems; great good has been done by the indi- 
viduals and corporations that have made that 
development possible; and in return good has 
been done to them and not harm when they are 
required to obey the law." 

At 8:30 a. m., May 27, the train pulled into 
Helena, Mont. An immense crowd was at the 
station, and Battery A, M. N. G., fired a salute. 
Among the delegation which met the President 
were many old-time western friends. Accom- 
panied by Governor Toole and Mayor Edwards, 
he was driven to the capitol. On the way the 

271 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

procession passed several thousand cheering 
school children. After an address, there was an 
informal reception. 

Among the first to greet the President at Butte 
was Senator William A. Clarke, who, with 
Mayor MuUins, took a seat in the carriage. The 
drive through the streets was one long ovation. 
Such a crowd had never been seen before in the 
history of the city. Veterans of the Civil and 
Spanish wars, militia and police formed the es- 
cort, the Spanish War veterans being the guard 
of honor. 

At the court-house 2,000 school children, 
dressed in the national colors, saluted the Presi- 
dent, and he stopped for a few minutes and spoke 
to the little ones. His carriage stopped again in 
order that 1,500 citizens of Anaconda might pre- 
sent him a handsome vase made of silver, copper 
and sapphire. 

In the evening, after a banquet at which 1,500 
plates were laid, the President was the guest of 
the Labor and Trades Assembly of Silver Bow 

272 




L'liiiyriglil hi 



,v rii(KT\v..n,l \- l-iHUn-wudd. N. V. 



AT OGDEN, UTAH 
Secretary of Agriculture > Wilson) President Roosevelt and Senator Smoot. 




Copyright by Uiulerwoinl iV: Underwood, N. Y. 



AT OGDEN, UTAH 
The President, Governor Wells and Wm. Glasmann. 




Oi|iyri,-:it ii\ T"ii(lcr\vi.<Ml ^ T'nderwood, N. Y. 

AT LARAMIE, WYOMING 
Ready for his favorite pastime— galloping across the great plains of the Wes^. 




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ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

County, and addressed 20,000 people at the Co- 
lumbia Garden. Introduced by Frank A. Boyle, 
president of the Trades Assembly, he said: 

"It would have been a great pleasure to have 
come to Butte in any event, but it is a double 
pleasure to come here at the invitation of repre- 
sentatives of the wage-w^orkers of Butte. I do not 
say merely 'workingmen,' for I hold that every 
good American who does his duty must be a 
workingman. There are many diflferent kinds of 
work to be done, but so long as the work is hon- 
orable, is necessary and is well done that man 
who does it well is entitled to the respect of his 
fellow citizens. 

"It is great to come here to see this marvelous 
city, which has thrived and grown to a degree 
well-nigh unparalleled in the past, and I do not 
see how it can be paralleled in the future. I 
have come here to this meeting especially as the 
guest, the invited guest, of the wage-workers, and 
am happy to be able to say that the kind of 
speech I will make to you I would make in just 

277 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

exactly the same language to any group of em- 
ployers or to any set of our citizens in any corner 
of this Republic. 

"Ours is a government of liberty through and 
under the law. No man is above it and no man 
is below^ it. The crime of cunning, the crime of 
greed, the crime of violence are all equally 
crimes and against them all alike the Hw must 
set its face. This is not and never shall be a gov- 
ernment of the plutocracy or the mob. It is, as 
it has been and as it will be, a government of the 
people, including alike the people of great 
wealth, of moderate wealth, the people who em- 
ploy others, the people who are employed, the 
wage-worker, the lawyer, the mechanic, the 
banker, the farmer, including them all, protect- 
ing each and every one of them, if he acts de- 
cently and squarely, and discriminating against 
any one of them, no matter from what class he 
comes, if he does not act fairly and squarely, if 
he does not obey the law. 

"While all people are foolish if they violate or 

278 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

rebel against the law, wicked as well as foolish, 
but all foolish, yet the most foolish man in this 
republic is the man of wealth who complains be- 
cause the law is administered with impartial 
justice against or for him. His folly is greater 
than the folly of any other man who so com- 
plains, for he lives and moves and has his being 
because the law does in fact protect him and his 
property. We have the right to ask every decent 
American citizen to rally to the support of the 
law if it is ever broken against the interests of the 
rich man and we have the same right to ask that 
rich man cheerfully and gladly to acquiesce in 
the enforcement against his seeming interest of 
the law if it is the law. Incidentally, whether he 
acquiesces or not, the law will be enforced. 
Whoever he may be, great or small, at which- 
ever end of the social scale he may be, whether 
his offense take the shape of a crime of greed and 
cunning or whether it take the shape of physical 
violence, if it is an offense against the law it 
must be stopped and if need be punished." 

279 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



The drive to the station was illuminated by 
immense bonfires on every mountain point. 

The President entered Idaho at Pocatello the 
morning of May 28, and received a warm wel- 
come. The train was met several miles outside of 
the town by a band of Indians from the Black 
Foot Reservation, who raced alongside the train 
into Pocatello. A committee headed by Gov- 
ernor Morrison and Senator Heyburn met him, 
and he was escorted to a stand by Kimball Lodge 
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, members 
of the G. A. R., Philippines veterans, a squad of 
cavalrymen, cowboys and Indians. The Presi- 
dent paid a high compliment to the railroad men 
present for their vigilance and skill. Continu- 
ing, he said: 

"I was glad to learn that many of the Indians 
under your care are traveling the white man's 
road, and beginning not only to send their chil- 
dren to school, but to own cattle and other prop- 
erty. The only outcome of the Indian question 
is gradually to develop the Indian into a prop- 

280 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

erty-owning, law-abiding hard-working, edu- 
cated citizen. In other woKds, to train him to 
travel the path that we all are trying to travel, 
and I congratulate you upon the progress that 
you have made. When he is traveling that 
path, and when he is doing his duty, he is entitled 
to, and shall receive, exactly as square a deal as 
anyone else. After all, that is the fundamental 
principle of our government. In the last analy- 
sis, what American stands for more than aught 
else, is for treating each man on his worth as a 
man." 

Stops were made at Shoshone, Kimina^GlennSu 
Ferry, Mountain Home and Nampa, where the 
President made short speeches, confining himself 
mostly to the benefits that have been and are to be 
derived from irrigation, and to the qualities that 
go to make up good citizenship. 

Boise was reached at 4 150 p. m. The city was 
thronged with people. The President passed 
through a lane of 2,000 children, who cheered 
him lustily and waved a forest of flags. At the 

281 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

capitol grounds, he was introduced by Governor 
Morrison, and spoke for half an hour. He said : 
"I believe with all my soul in the Monroe 
Doctrine. This western hemisphere is not to be- 
come a region for conquest over which foreign 
ministerial powers may acquire control. I think 
that should be a cardinal doctrine of our Amer- 
ican foreign policy. But I would a great deal 
rather see us never announce that policy than for 
us to announce it and then lack either the will or 
the power to make it good. The one means for 
making it good is building up an adequate navy. 
I ask congress to go on with the building of the 
navy; that congress go on providing means to 
make that navy the most effective on the globe. 
I earnestly hope that not in our time will we see 
war again, but it is impossible to say that there 
will not be any war because it is not only neces- 
sary that we should want to act rightly toward 
other nations, and I think I can say that we do, 
but it is necessary that they should all of them 
want to act rightly toward us; and while I be- 

282 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

lieve they do, I think it will help them to perse- 
vere in their good intentions if we are well 
armed." 

Referring to irrigation, he said : 

"The forests and the grasses are not to be 
treated as we properly treat mining; that is, as 
material to be used up and nothing left behind. 
We must recognize the fact that we have passed 
the stage when we can afford to tolerate the man 
whose object is simply to skin the land and get 
out. That man is not an equitable citizen. We 
do not want the big proprietor. It is not for him 
that we wish to develop irrigation. It is not for 
him that we must shape our grazing lands and 
handle our forests. We must handle the water, 
the wood, the grasses, so that we will hand them 
on to our children and children's children in bet- 
ter and not worse shape than we got them. Inas- 
much as I myself passed a large portion of my 
life in the mountains and on the plains of this 
great western country, I feel a peculiar pride 
that it was given to me to sign and thereby make 

283 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

into law the act of the national government, to 
my mind, one of- the most important acts ever 
made into law by the national legislature, the 
National Irrigation Act of a year ago. The gov- 
ernment, in my judgment, not only should, but 
must, cooperate with the state governments and 
withi individual enterprises in seeing that we 
utilize to the fullest advantage the waters of the 
Rocky Mountain states, by canals and great res- 
ervoirs, which shall conserve the waters that go 
to waste at one season, so that they can be used at 
other seasons." 

The President spoke a few words to a Grand 
Army Post drawn up in the rear of the stand and 
also to the Spanish War veterans. After a tree 
had been planted near the one planted by Presi- 
dent Harrison in 1901, the President was taken 
for a drive about the city, all the principal points 
of interest being visited. 

The train pulled into the Oregon Short Line 
station at Salt Lake City at 8:30 a. m., May 29, 
amid the clamor of locomotives and factory 

284 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

whistles, the shrill yells of hundreds of cattle 
punchers and sheep men, and the enthusiastic 
cheering of several thousand people congregated 
along the streets leading from the depot and in 
the railroad yards. The President was greeted 
by Governor Wells, Mayor Thompson, Col. J. 
W. Rubb and Secretary of Agriculture Wilson. 
A procession through the business section was 
made up of a battalion of the U. S. Infantry, two 
batteries of U. S. Artillery, the National Guard 
of Utah, veterans of four wars, a large body of 
fraternal organizations, and, bringing up the 
rear, nearly 600 mounted cattle and sheep men, 
many of whom had come over 150 miles on 
rough trails to participate In the welcome to 
the President. These sunburned, brawny plains- 
men, in their sombreros and blue shirts formed 
the most picturesque part of the parade, and 
the President rose in his carriage and bowed 
in response to their wild cheering. Nine thou- 
sand school children, every one of them waving 

285 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

an American flag, cheered the President as he 
mounted a platform to address them. 

The Tabernacle was visited, and when Gov- 
ernor Wellsi introduced the President, ii,ooo 
people arose to their feet and cheered wildly for 
a minute. The President spoke eulogistically of 
the Utah pioneers, who, he said, came not to ex- 
ploit the land and then go somewhere else, but to 
build homes. 

Luncheon was taken at the residence of Sena- 
tor Kearns. President Joseph E. Smith of the 
Mormon Church, Senator Smoot, Governor 
Wells, Congressman Powell and a few personal 
friends of the President made up the party. 

At Ogden one of the largest crowds ever col- 
lected in the city saw the President, many of them 
having come from the northern counties of the 
state. Members of the G. A. R. and Spanish War 
veterans acted as a guard of honor in the pro- 
cession, which included many railroad employes. 
He made a few remarks to 5,000 children, as- 
sembled in Lester Park, and, at a pavilion in the 

286 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

public square, was formally welcomed by Mayor 
Glassman, and spoke briefly to the crowd. 

At Evanston, Wyo., there were 5,000 people 
aC the station. The President was introduced by 
Senator Clark, and said a few words to them. 

The train passed Rawlins during the night, the 
President being cheered by the assembled people. 

Laramie was reached at 7:30 a. m., May 30, 
and the President was driven to the University 
of Wyoming, where he made a short address. 

Senator Warren, on behalf of the citizens of 
Cheyenne, presented him with a beautiful saddle 
blanket, bridle and spurs, and, at 9 o'clock, the 
President mounted his horse and started on a 
sixty miles ride to Cheyenne. He was accom- 
panied by Surgeon General Rixey, U. S. Senator 
Warren, Capt. Seth Bullock, U. S. Marshal 
Hadsell, 'Deputy Marshal Joseph Lefors, Wil- 
liam Daly, Jr., Otto Gramm, N. K. Boswell, 
R. S. Van Tassel, G. A. Porter, A. W. Barber 
and W. L. Parks. 

The ride to Van Tassel's ranch, 31 miles, occu- 

287 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

pied four hours and five minutes. After dinner 
at Mr. Van Tassel's and a short rest, the party 
resumed the journey at 2 o'clock. A stop was 
made at Fort Russell, where the President was 
joined by Governor Chatterton and his staff. 
Citizens of Douglas furnished him with a hand- 
some horse on which he rode from Fort Russell 
to Cheyenne, which was reached on schedule 
time without a mishap. All the organizations 
of the city turned out to give the President a 
warm reception, and in the crowd were hundreds 
who had come from Utah and Colorado to par- 
ticipate. In slouch hat, riding boots, spurs and 
gauntlets, he rode direct to a speaker's stand in 
the city square where he faced 20,000 enthusi- 
astic and cheering people. His speech was ad- 
dressed particularly to the Civil War veterans. 

Sunday, May 31, the President attended the 
First Methodist Church where special services 
were held, the Rev. Mr. Forsythe preaching on 
"Strenuousness." At the close of the sermon, the 
President lunched at the residence of former 

288 




From Stereograph, copyright by Underwond .(• rnderwoo.l. X. Y. 

IN WYOMING 

"Honor to all good Citizen-, but honor most of all to the men who first in the 

world marked out that earliest of highways, the spotted 

line, the blazed trail." 



-^m*'*L:?;y^ 






"^ 



C'ci|iyi''Slit ''y TikUtwiicjiI & I'lulorwoud. X. Y. 

AT ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 
The Old Soldiers listening to the President. 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Senator Carey. Those present were Secretary 
of Agriculture Wilson, Secretary Loeb, Assistant 
Secrtary Barnes, Surgeon General Rixey, Cap- 
tain Seth Bullock, Senator Warren, Governor 
and Mrs. Chatterton, Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. 
Carey and Robert Carey. In the afternoon he 
was shown the routine work on one of Wyo- 
ming's biggest ranches. Secretary Moody, who 
had been with the party since it entered Califor- 
nia, left on this day for Washington. 

June I, the President went to the Wild West 
Exhibition at Frontier Park. He was presented 
with the beautiful sorrel single-footer gelding, 
Ragalona, and a complete riding outfit — the gift 
of the people of Cheyenne and Douglas, who 
were represented by Senator Warren. The Pres- 
ident rechristened the animal "Wyoming." He 
enjoyed the wild horse races, roping of Texas 
steers, ladies' cow pony race, and an artillery 
drill by the Thirteenth Regiment from Fort B. 
A. Russell. While at Cheyenne, the President 
heard of the flood at Topeka and sent the follow- 
ing telegram: 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



1 



"Hon. W. J. Bailey, Topeka, Kas.— Am in- 
expressibly shocked at reports of dreadful ca- 
lamity that has befallen Topeka. If there is any- 
thing the Federal authorities can do, of course, 
let me know. Theodore Roosevelt." 

At Sidney, Neb., the President made an ad- 
dress on good citizenship to a large crowd. A 
half hour's stop was made at North Piatt, where 
he was taken for a drive about the city. Brief 
speeches were made at Lexington and Kearney. 
A large crowd was at Grand Island station, but 
the President had retired. 

The train entered Iowa June 2, and was turned 
over by the Union Pacific to the Illinois Central. 
It passed through much of the flooded district of 
Iowa, but extra precautions had been taken by 
the railroad authorities by carefuly watching the 
tracks. 

At Denison, Secretary Shaw and Senators Al- 
lison and Dolliver were waiting to welcome the 
President, as was an immense crowd of people, 
many of whom had come to the town on excur- 

292 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



sion trains. It was the largest crowd ever seen 
at Denison. Secretary Shaw introduced the 
President who, when the cheering ceased, spoke 
as follows : 

"At this time as I come into your beautiful 
state there have come calamities upon our people 
here in Iowa, and to even greater degree in Kan- 
sas and Missouri. I see also by today's papers 
the awful disaster in Georgia. We have biblical 
authority, as well as the authority of common 
sense, for the statement that the rain falls on the 
just and the unjust alike. When the hand of the 
Lord is heavy upon any body of men, the wisdom 
of man can do but little. 

"Now and then in our country, from drought, 
from floods, from pestilence, trouble and misfor- 
tune will come, but oh, my friends, as I drive 
through your city this morning and now as I look 
at you, the men and women of this state, I know 
that all our troubles are temporary, that misfor- 
tune will be met and overcome, because in heart 
and hand the American citizen is able to win his 
way in the long run. 

^ 293 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

"When misfortune that human wisdom cannot 
avoid comes, of course, there will be suffering 
there will be misery. Those of us who are free 
from it can try and must try to lighten it all we 
can; but we cannot help the fact that there will 
be much suffering. Furthermore, if through our 
own folly we do what is wrong, if we act fool- 
ishly in matters of legislation, we shall pay the 
penalty. If the business world loses its head it 
has lost what no law can supply, but in spite of 
that we shall go forward. 

"We shall keep in the run on the plans, not 
only of abiding, but of increasing prosperity, if 
we only keep our sanity as a people, if we keep 
the qualities which made us win out in the Civil 
War, and which have brought us in triumph 
through other crises so far. 

"Something, a good deal, can be done by law, 
a good deal can be done by the honest and up- 
right administration of the law. I think you will 
do me the justice to say that I do not say what I 
do not mean. I never said anything off the stump 

294 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

that I would not say on the stump, so that what I 
say now you can take as sincere. 

"We have in the persons of Iowa's representa- 
tives in both branches of the national congress, in 
Iowa's representatives in the administrative 
branches of the national government, men to 
whom I can turn, as illustrating what I mean 
when I say that we are greatly helped by good 
laws and by intelligent, fearless, and honest ad- 
ministration of those laws. We need the ability 
that you in Iowa have furnished in your public 
servants. 

"We need the standard of integrity that you 
have set in public life. We need the uprightness 
and fearlessness in a public servant which makes 
him do his duty, disregarding either the clamor 
of the many or the snarling of the few, which is 
directed against a course demanded by regard 
for the immutable law of righteousness." 

Brief stops were made at Webster City, Iowa 
Falls, Cedar Falls, Waterloo, Manchester and 

295 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Independence, the President speaking a few 
words to the assembled crowds. 

Tha day's journey was ended at Dubuque, 
where he was received with a cannon salute 
and the cheers of thousands as he stepped from 
the train. At least 20,000 people lined the 
streets over which his carriage was driven. At 
the City Park, the President said a few words 
to 6,000 school children, who sang America. 
After a tour of the hills overlooking the Mis- 
sissippi River, he spoke to 8,000 people at the 
Dubuque Club. He said in closing: 

"A great nation cannot play a small part. A 
little nation can, and can play it with self-re- 
spect. A big nation cannot. We have got to 
play a big part. All we can decide is whether 
we will play it well or ill, and I know you 
too well to hesitate as to what you will decide. 
I believe in carrying on international affairs as 
one carries on one's private affairs. Adopt the 
same rule as a nation that, if adopted by a pri- 
vate individual, makes you respect him. We 

296 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

all despise in private life a man who is a bully, 
a blusterer, brawer, or boaster, and we despise 
him most if, after having bullied and boasted, 
when the crisis comes, he fails to make good. I 
want to see us as a people always speak respect- 
fully and pleasantly of foreign powers, treat 
them with courtesy, assume that they mearv well, 
and, meanwhile, shape our own policy upon the 
theory of never wronging the weak, and never 
submitting to wrong inflicted by the strong. I 
think the foreign powers mean well by us, but 
I think the possession of a large navy will help 
them to continue to mean well by us. I think it 
provocative of a peaceful disposition all around. 
I ask you to help the government see to it that 
there Is no let up in the up-building of the Amer- 
ican navy." 

A banquet was given by the Dubuque Club. 
Senator Allison was toastmaster, and introduced 
the President, who spoke warmly of Iowa's rep- 
resentatives in the Cabinet and of the great as- 
sistance they were to him, as were the two Sen- 
ators and the Representatives in Congress. 

297 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

At the close of his speech, he was presented, 
by a delegation from the United Swiss Societies, 
with a souvenir album containing pen pictures 
of himself, Senator Allison and Ex-Represen- 
tative Henderson. In thanking the delegation 
he eulogized Swiss-Americans as soldiers and 
citizens. 

At Freeport, 111., the morning of June 3, the 
President was driven to the site of the Lincoln- 
Douglas debate in 1858, where a monument 
commemorating the event was unveiled in the 
presence of many thousands of people from 
Freeport and vicinity. He was introduced by 
Congressman Hitt, and said: 

"We meet today to commemorate the spot on 
which occurred one of those memorable scenes 
in accordance with which the whole future his- 
tory of nations is molded. Here were spoken the 
winged words that flew through immediate time 
and that will fly through that portion of eter- 
nity recorded in the history of our race. Here 
was sounded the keynote of the struggle which, 

29S 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

after convulsing the nation, made it in fact what 
it had been only in name, at once united and 
freed. It is eminently fitting that this monu- 
ment, given by the w^omen of this city in com- 
memoration of the great debate that here took 
place, should be dedicated by the men whose 
deeds made good the words of Abraham Lin- 
coln and the soldiers of the Civil War. The 
word was mighty, but had it not been for the 
word the deeds could not have taken place. But, 
without deeds, the words would have been the 
idlest breath. It is forever to the honor of our 
nation that brought forth the statesman, who 
with far-sighted vision could pierce the clouds 
that obscured the sight of the keenest of his 
fellows, and could see what the future inevit- 
ably held. And moreover that we had back of 
the statesman and behind him the men to whom 
it was given to fight in the greatest war ever 
waged for the good of mankind, for the better- 
ment of the world. Great though we now regard 
Abraham Lincoln, my countrymen, the future 

299 



KOOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

will put him on an even higher pinnacle than 
we have put him. In all history I do not believe 
that there is to be found an orator whose speeches 
will last as enduringly as certain as the speeches 
of Lincoln. And in all history, with the sole ex- 
ception of the man who founded the republic, 
I do not think there will be found another states- 
man at once so great and so single-hearted in 
his devotion to the weal of his people. We 
cannot too highly honor him. And the high- 
est way in which we can honor him is to see 
that our homage is not only homage of words; 
that to loyalty of words we join loyalty of the 
heart, and that we pay honor to the memory of 
Abraham Lincoln by so conducting ourselves 
as citizens of this republic, that we shall hand 
on undiminished to our children and our chil- 
dren's children the heritage we received from 
the men who upheld the statesmanship of Lin- 
coln in the council and who made good the sol- 
diership of Grant in the field." 

Brief stops were made at Rockford and Ro- 

300 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

chelle, where the President spoke from the plat- 
form of his car. His reception was most cor- 
dial. 

It was a holiday at Aurora. After luncheon, 
at the home of Senator Hopkins, the President 
was escorted to Lincoln Park, where he ad- 
dressed 15,000 people. He subsequently visited 
the school-houses and spoke to 6,000 children. 

At Joliet the whistles of the steel and iron 
mills greeted^ him, and thousands of the em- 
ployes gathered at the gates and cheered him as 
the train passed. The route of the procession 
was profusely decorated, and the streets were 
full of people. At the Central School the Presi- 
dent spoke to an audience of 5,000. He dis- 
cussed the labor question, declaring that any 
man who sought to inspire hatred among the 
citizens, through creed, class or wealth, was a 
curse to the country. He said it was easy to 
upset present conditions, but not so easy to build 
up. 

At the depot there were a number of Civil 

301 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

War and Spanish-American War Veterans, and 
he said a few words to them. 

At Pontiac the President took part in the 
dedication of a Soldiers and Sailors Monument. 

At Dwight, the President was introduced to 
the crowd, during a rainstorm, by the Mayor, 
who is a Democrat. The Mayor said: 

"I consider you, Mr. President, the ideal 
American citizen. I am in favor of the course 
you have pursued, and will support you for re- 
election." 

The President replied: "I am pleased by the 
kind words of the Mayor. Perhaps I prize them 
especially, coming from one who is not of my 
party; but the whole thing is, my friends, if we 
are all good Americans, that is enough platform 
for all of us to stand on. I prize more than I 
can say such' words as have been uttered by the 
Mayor, and I assure you I shall do my best to 
try to deserve them." 

At Lexington, the President spoke to a good 
crowd from the car. 

302 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

The night was spent in Bloomington, 111. It 
had been Roosevelt Day at the Third Annual 
Encampment of the Illinois Spanish-American 
War Veterans. The President received an ova- 
tion. After a drive through the principal streets, 
a banquet was given at the Illinois Hotel, 
Among those present were Senator Beveridge, of 
Indiana, Congressmen Cannon, Warner, Grafif 
and Sterling, Ex-Governor Hamilton and Ex- 
Governor Fifer. In the. evening the President 
spoke to an immense audience at the Coliseum, 
on the same lines as elsewhere. 

At Lincoln, where the first stop was made, 
June 4, the President was given a rousing recep- 
tion. 

Four hours were spent at Springfield. There 
were 20,000 visitors at the station, where Gov- 
ernor Yates and Senator Cullom, with a recep- 
tion committee of 400 and a military escort, were 
awaiting him. From the station to the arsenal, 
the President was cheered as he passed through 
the lines of people. On each side of Capitol 

303 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

Avenue were massed 5,000 school children, who 
waved flags as the procession passed. 

At the Lincoln Monument, the President ad- 
dressed the National Lincoln-McKinley Veteran 
Voters' Association, asembled there for their an- 
nual memorial exercises. 

Returning to the armory, which was packed 
with people to assist in the dedicatory exercises 
(Governor Yates presiding) the President was 
introduced by Senator Cullom, and said: 

"The problems that face us as a nation today 
are the problems which Lincoln and the men of 
his generation had to face. Different methods 
must be devised for solving them, but the spirit 
in which we approach them must be the same 
as the spirit with which Lincoln and his fellows 
in council, his followers in war, approached their 
problems, or else this nation will fail. It will 
not fail. It will succeed, because we still have 
in us the spirit of the men of '61. 

"I have met In Illinois many men who knew 
Lincoln personally, and at every place that I 

304 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

h'ave stopped I have seen men who fought in the 
army when Lincoln called the country to arms. 
All of us now pay our tribute to the greatness 
that is achieved, all of us now looking back over 
the last forty years can see the figure of Lincoln 
— sad, kindly, patient, Lincoln — as it looms 
above his contemporaries, as it will loom ever 
larger through the centuries to come. 

"It is a good thing for us by speech to pay 
homage to the memory of Lincoln, but it is an 
infinitely better thing for us in our lives to pay 
homage to his memory in the only way in which 
the homage can be effectively paid — by seeing 
to it that this republic's life, social and political, 
civic and industrial, is shaped now in accordance 
with the ideals which Lincoln preached and 
which all his life long he practised. 

"Upon the success of the experiment of free 
government conducted in a spirit of orderly lib- 
erty here on this continent depends not only the 
welfare of this nation, but the future of free gov- 
ernment in the entire world. 

305 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

"The supreme safety of our country is to be 
found in a fearless and honest administration 
of the law of the land. 

'When an executive undertakes to enforce the 
law he is entitled to the support of every decent 
man, rich or poor, no matter what form the law- 
breaking has taken. If he is worth his salt he 
will enforce the law whether he gets the support 
or not." 

A luncheon was served at the Executive Man- 
sion, after which the President received the local 
committtee and the Hamilton Club of Chicago. 
He was then escorted to the Wabash station by 
the troops. 

At Decatur, the President made two addresses, 
one at the dedication of the new university, for 
which James Milliken gave $450,000, and the 
other to the railroad and factory employes. 
There were 10,000 people gathered on the uni- 
versity campus. The President expressed the 
obligations good Americans felt for what Mr. 
Milliken and men like him have done in 

306 




Copyright by rtidfrwuixl ^^ I'lidcrwood, N. Y. 



AT OUINCY, ILLINOIS 

"Our currency laws need such modification as will insure the parity of every 
dollar coined or issued by the Government." 




Cupyright by I'liilcrwnoil \- riiilci-«<i 
AT LINCOLN'S TOMB, SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS 



1(1, N. V. 



'When an executive undertakes to enforce the law he is entitled to the support 

of every decent man, rich or poor, no matter what form 

the law-breaking has taken." 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 



university and other educational institutions 
throughout the land. He was especially pleased 
to take part in the dedication of an institution 
of learning where so much of the teaching was to 
be with direct view to an industrial betterment of 
the country. 

"Ours is an age of specialization," said he, 
*'and the man who is to do industrial work will 
find himself immeasurably better prepared for 
it if he can have the proper kind of industrial 
training." 

Goodbye to Illinois was said at Danville. 
Fully 10,000 people awaited the coming of the 
train. The President made a speech in which he 
paid a tribute to the good work of Congressman 
Cannon in the House of Representatives. The 
President was the guest at dinner of the members 
of his party. They included Secretary of Agri- 
culture Wilson, Secretary Loeb, Senator Bev- 
eridge, Senator Fairbanks, Surgeon General 
Rixey and Assistant Secretary Barnes. 

Indianapolis was reached at 9:05 p. m., and 

309 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

5,000 people were at the station. The President 
was accompanied to a stand by Governor Dur- 
bin and the Indiana Senators. He was intro- 
duced by Mayor Bookwalter and said: 

"I have been from the Atlantic to the Pacific 
and now well nigh back to the Atlantic again, 
and the thing that has struck me more than 
aught else wherever I have been is the funda- 
mental unity of our people. And another thing, 
I went on my trip a pretty good expansionist; 
I come back a better one, because, having seen 
our people on the Atlantic coast, in the Missis- 
sippi Valley, in the great plains, and among the 
Rockies and on the Pacific coast, I fail to see 
how any man can look at them and not see that 
inevitably they belong to the expanding and not 
to the stationary races of mankind. 

"This people has a mighty destiny before it, 
and it can work out that destiny only as it has 
worked out its destiny in the past. There will 
be no radical or extreme action bv our nation. 
We are, for all our spirit of progress, essentially 
a conservative people. 

310 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

"We believe in conservatism, but it is a con- 
servatism not of timidity, not of mere stolidity. 
It is the conservatism of good sense. We do not 
intend to be spurred into rash action or to be 
frightened out of action that is needed by the cir- 
cumstances of the case. 

"Our people have ever shown in their history 
that combination of energy and common sense 
which must be shown by every great, masterful 
race. In private life we all of us look down 
upon the man who brawls, who threatens, and 
who, when the pitch comes, fails to make 
good by deeds. I ask that this nation conduct 
itself on the same principle which we admire if 
shown by the private citizen. Speak courteously 
of other people. Treat them well. Do no in- 
justice to the weak, and sufifer no injustice to be 
done to us by the strong. 

"As an incident in following the historic pol- 
icy of our nation, I ask our people to see to it 
that there is no halt in the building up of the 
American navy. I ask that it be built up and 

311 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

kept up, not for the purpose of war, but to keep 
the peace. I think the foreign nations feel pleas- 
antly toward us, but I think, also that it will help 
them to continue to feel pleasantly if we have a 
good navy." 

The train stopped at Pittsburg at 8:22 a. m., 
June 8, and, when the crowd cheered, the Presi- 
dent appeared on the rear platform and said : "I 
am happy to be with you ; happy to get back from 
my trip. Good luck to you all." As the train 
pulled out he waved goodbye. 

At Altoona there was an immense crowd and 
the President wished them good luck and bid 
them goodbye. 

The train passed through Harrisburg and Bal- 
timore on time, and the trip ended at Washing- 
ton at 7:30 p. m. 

There was a large gathering of officials at the 
Pennsylvania railroad station, and among them 
was Secretary Root, Secretary Hitchcock, Sec- 
retary Cortelyou and Postmaster General Payne. 
The President was escorted to the White House 

312 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

by a battalion of high school cadets, the streets 
being lined with people who gave him a hearty 
reception. A crowd gathered at the White 
House, and the President said to them : 

"I thank you very much for coming here to 
greet me, and I have appreciated the welcome 
back home that I have received today. I have 
been absent more than two months and I have 
traveled many miles. During that time one 
thing has struck me, and that is the substantial- 
ness of the American people. One can travel 
from ocean to ocean and from Canada to the 
Gulf and always be at home among one's fellow 
Americans. I thank you again, my friends." 

The trip was in many respects the most re- 
markable a President ever undertook. He trav- 
eled over 14,000 miles on railroads and several 
hundred miles in stage coaches and carriages 
without an accident. During the sixty-five days 
on the road, he made two hundred and sixty-five 
speeches. One of the most remarkable features 



313 



ROOSEVELT AMONG THE PEOPLE 

was the non-partisan spirit displayed in the re- 
ceptions everywhere. 

The successful manner in which Secretary 
Loeb managed the trip was very pleasing to the 
President, and he warmly congratulated him on 
the successful outcome of it. 



314 



JUL 5 isie 



One copy del. to Cat. Div. 



